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Module 8 exam 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a gingival disease?

A

usually involves the inflammation of the gingival tissues, most often the response to plaque biofilm

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2
Q

What are the two major subdivisions of gingival diseases?

A

plaque induced, non-plaque induced

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3
Q

what are the sub categories of plaque induced gingivitis?

A
  • plaque induced either on a periodontium with no attachment loss or on a reduced but stable periodontium
  • gingival diseases modifed by systemic factors
  • gingival diseases modified by medications
  • gingival diseases modified by malnutrition
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4
Q

what are the sub categories of non plaque induced gingivitis?

A
  • gingival diseases of specific bacteria origin
  • gingival diseases of viral origin
  • gingival diseases of fungal origin
  • gingival diseases of genetic origin
  • gingival manifestations of systemic conditions
  • traumatic leisons
  • foreign body reaction
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5
Q

What are dental plaque induced gingival diseases?

A

perio diseases involving inflammation of the gingiva in response to dental plaque biofilm

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6
Q

What is the most common type of periodontal disease?

A

gingivitis associated with dental plaque biofilm

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7
Q

Inflammation is ___ intense in children as it is for young adults with the same quantity of biofilm

A

not

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8
Q

What are clinical signs of gingivitis associated with dental plaque biofilm only?

A
  • changes in gingival contour, color and consistency
  • erythema, swelling, bleeding and tenderness
  • begins at gingival margin and is charaterized by red, swollen, tender gums that bleed easily
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9
Q

what is acute gingivitis?

A

gingivitis of short duration, after which professional care adn patient self care returs the gingiva to healthy state

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10
Q

what is chronic gingivitis?

A

long lasting gingivitis, may exist for years without ever progressing to periodontitis

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11
Q

what are the 3 main categories of plaque associated gingival diseases with modifying factors?

A
  • gingival disease modified by systemic factors
  • gingival diseases modified by medications
  • gingival diseases modified by malnutirition
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12
Q

What happens in gingival disease modified by systemic factors?

A

plaque biofilm initiates the disease, then systemic factors found in the host will modify the disease process

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13
Q

In gingival diseases (systemic) associated with the endocrine system and fluctuations in sex hormones what occurs

A

changes in levels result in an exaggerated response to the presence of bacterial plaque biofilm

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14
Q

how will gingival tissues appear in changes in endocrine or sex hormones?

A

bright red, with soft, friable, smooth and may bleed with slight provocation

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15
Q

What is puberty assoicated gingivitis?

A

inflamatory response of the gingiva to a small amount of dental plaque biofilm

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16
Q

what are clincal features of puberty associated gingivitis?

A

inflamed gingiva, with prominent bulbous papillae on teh facial aspect

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17
Q

what is menstrual cycle associated gingivits?

A

exaggerated inflammatory response of the gingiva to biofilm and hormones before ovulation

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18
Q

what is oral contraceptive associated gingivitis?

A

exaggerated inflammatory response of the gingiva to biofilm adn high-dose oral contraceptives

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19
Q

Who do you usually see oral-contraceptive associated gingivits?

A

pts taking high dose contraceptives, these may effect perio attachment levels

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20
Q

what is pregnancy associated gingivitis?

A

exaggerated inflammatory response of the gingiva to dental plaque biofilm and hormone changes usually occuring during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy

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21
Q

what is the clinical appearance of pregnancy associated gingivitis?

A

edematous, red, with bulbous interdental papillae

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22
Q

what is a pregnancy associated pyogenic granuloma?

A

localized mushroom shaped gingival mass projecting from the gingival margin or more commonly from the gingival papilla during pregnancy, occuring after ther first trimester as an exaggerated response to biofilm

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23
Q

what is diabetes associated gingivitis

A

an inflammatory response of the gingiva to dental biofilm that is aggravated by poorly controlled blood glucose levels

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24
Q

When is diabetes associated gingivitis most commonly seen?

A

-children with type 1 diabetes

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25
What can be seen in diabetic patients with the reduction of diabetes associated gingivitis?
they may beable to reduce the amount of insulin needed to control blood glucose levels with reduction in gingival inflammation
26
What is an example of a gingival disease associated with blood dyscrasis
leukemia associated gingivitis, blood dyscrasias associated gingivitis
27
what is leukemia associated gingivitis
exaggerated inflammatory resposne of the gingiva to plaque biofilm resulting in incrased beeding and tissue enlargement
28
Why are health care providers sometimes the first to detect leukemia?
because oral leisons are the first clinical signs of leukemia
29
what is the clinical appearance in leukemia associated gingivitis?
gingival tissues are swollen, spongy, shiny, red to deep purple color, tissues are very friable, hemorrhage easily,
30
what is blood dyscrasias associated gingivitis?
gingivitis associated with abnormal function or number of blood cells
31
What are examples of plaque associated gingival diseases modified by medications?
- drug influenced gingivitis | - drug influenced gingival enlargement
32
what is drug influenced gingivitis?
an exaggerated inflammatory response of the gingiva to dental plaque biofilm and a systemic medication
33
what is drug influenced gingival enlargement
an increase in size of the gingiva resulting from systemic medications, most commonly anticonvulsants, calcium channel blockers, immunosuppresants
34
Is biofilm accumulation necessary for drug influenced gingival enlargement
no, but will exacerbate gingival disease
35
what are immunosuppresants role in gingival enlargement?
stimulates fibroblast proliferation with excessive extracellular matrix accumulation in gingival tissues
36
What are calcium channel blockers role in gingival enlargent?
stimulates an increase in fibroblasts and increases the production of connective tissue matrix
37
what is the clinical appearance of tissue enlargement?
irregular pattern, first observed in papillae, anterior sextants most commonly effected, increased crevicular fluid, no attachment loss, no bleeding on probing
38
what can the severity of overgrowth be effected by in gingival enlargement?
level of home care
39
when is the onset of gingival enlargemetn with medications first observed
within 3 months of taking meds, most commonly in children
40
What are an example of a plaque-associated gingival disease modified by malnutrition?
ascorbic acid deficency gingivitis
41
what is ascorbic acid deficency gingivitis?
inflammatory response of the gingiva to dental plaque biofilm aggravated by chronically low ascorbic acid
42
what is ascorbic acid
vitamin c
43
how does ascorbic acid deficency gingivits manifest?
bright red, swollen, ulcerated gingival tissue, bleeds with slightest provocation
44
what vitamin helps maintain health sulcular epithelium
vitamin a
45
what vitamin helps maintain health mucosal tissues
b-complex vitamin
46
what is a non plaque induced gingival leison?
they are not caused by bacterial biofilm and do not disappear after biofilm removal
47
what will increase the severity of a non plaque induced gingival leison?
presence of dental biofilm
48
what can non plaque induced gingival leisons result from?
bacteria, viral or fungal infections, genetic origin, dermatological diseases, alleric reactons, and mechanical traumua
49
What is a gingival disease of specific bacterial origin?
characterized by a bacterial infection of the gingiva by a specific bacterium that is not a common component of biofilm
50
what are characterisitics of gingival diseases of specific bacterial origin?
these occur rarely when a bacterial infection overhwhelms the host resistance, manifest as painful ulcerations, chancres or mucous patches or atypical highly inflamed gingivitis
51
what are some examples of gingival diseases of specific bacterial origin?
neiserria gonorrhea, treponema pallidum, streptococcal species
52
What is primary herpetic gingivostomatitis (PHG)?
sever reaction to the intital infection of the herpes simplex type 1
53
what percentage of people have been infected by HSV-1 by the time they reach middle age
70%
54
In some indiviuals who get HSV-1 they have no symptoms but in others they present with
intensly painful gingivitis, multiple vesicles that easily rupture to form ulcers,
55
who does the initial infection of HSV-1 usually effect?
children 1 to 3 years of age but can happen in older individuals
56
when is the HSV-1 virus contagious?
in the vesicular stage
57
what symptoms are associated with PHG?
headache, swollen lymph nodes, and sore throat
58
how long does it take HSV-1 to regress
10 to 20 days
59
What are oral clinical manifestations of PHG?
- occurs anywhere on free or attached gingiva - widespread inflammation - small clusters of erupting vesicles - yellowish ulcers with red halo
60
What is the tx for PHG?
- encourage intake of fluids to prevent dehydtration from fever - dietary replacement drink for nutrients - antimicrobial mouthwash - wash with soap and water frequenlty, wash toys child has put in mouth
61
What is linear gingival erythema?
gingival manifestation of immunosupression
62
what are the characteristics of linear gingival erythema?
inflammation that is exaggerated for the amount of biofilm present, doesnt respont to improved oral self care or professional therapy, must persisit after biofilm removal
63
what are clinical manifestations of LGE?
- distinct red band limitied to free gingiva - no attachment loss - lack of bleeding on probing - associated with HIV - doesnt responed to therapy
64
What is Lichen planus?
disease of skin and mucous membranes in which there is an itchy, swollen, rash on the skin or in the mouth, exact cause is unknown but likely related to allergic or immune reaction
65
what is the most common mucocutaneous disease affecting the gingiva
lichen planus
66
is lichen planus acute or chronic
it can be chronic and last for many years
67
what are clinical manifestations of lichen planus?
- intense erythmea of gingiva - ulcerations of gingiva - interlacint white lines Wickhams Striae - raised white leisons
68
What is erythema multiformae
disorder of the skin and mucous membranes due to an allergic reaction or infection, exact cause unknown but may be hypersensitivity reaction
69
what are clinical manifestations of erythema multiformae?
large , symmetrical red blotches, resembling a target, all over the skin in a circular pattern, swollen lips with extensive crust, gingiva invole bullae that rupture and leave ulcers
70
How does erythema multiformae begin?
begins as blisters and progresses to ulcers
71
What are allergic reactions usually a result of?
a flavor additive or preservitive in products such as toothpaste, mouthwashes, gum, cinnamon, carvone
72
who do allergic reactions most commonly occur in?
patients who have a history of allergic conditions such as hay fever, allergic skin rashes, or asthma
73
what are clinical manifestations of an allergic reaction?
diffuse fiery red gingivitis sometimes with ulceration

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