Module 7 exam 2

Question 1

What are local contributing factors for periodontal disease?

Answer 1

oral conditons or habits that increase an individuals suceptibility to a perio infection

Question 2

what is a disease site?

Answer 2

an individual tooth or specific surfaces of a tooth that are experiencing perio destruction

Question 3

What is dental calculus?

Answer 3

mineralized bacterial plaque biofilm covered on its external surface by non mineralized living bacterial plaue biofilm

Question 4

when does mineralizeaton of plaque biofilm occur?

Answer 4

48 hours up to 2 weeks after biofilm formation

Question 5

What are the effects of calculus on the periodontium?

Answer 5

-surface of calc is irregular and is always covered with disease causing bacteria, as deposits accumulate they create more and more areas that are difficult or impossible to clean

Question 6

What is the pathologic potential of calculus?>

Answer 6

There is always biofilm on top of calculs so it makes it difficult to bring gingivits or periodontitis under control in the presence of calculus

Question 7

What is the percentage of inorganic calulus?

Answer 7

70-90%

Question 8

what is inorganic calc made of?

Answer 8

calcium phosphate, some calcium carbonate nd mangesium phosphate

Question 9

WHat is the percentage of organic material in calculus?

Answer 9

10 to 30%

Question 10

What is the organic portion of calculus made up of?

Answer 10

materials from biofilm, dead epithelial cells, dead wbc

Question 11

What are the forms of dental calculus?

Answer 11

brushite, octocalcium phosphate, hydroxyapetite

Question 12

Newly formed calc deposits appear as a crystalline form called

Answer 12

brushite

Question 13

In calc deposits that are a bit more mature but less than 6 months old they are called

Answer 13

octocalcium phosphate

Question 14

in mature calc deposits that are more than 6 months old they crystalline form is

Answer 14

hydroxyapetite

Question 15

What are some other terms that refer to supragingival calculus?

Answer 15

supramarginal calc, salivary calc

Question 16

Where is supragingival calc usually found?

Answer 16

lingual of mand anterior teeth, buccal maxillary molars, teeth that are crowded or in malocclusion

Question 17

How is supragingival calc shaped?

Answer 17

it can be in any shape, but are usually irregular large deposits

Question 18

What are the modes of attachment of dental calculus to the tooth?

Answer 18

• attachment by means of the pellicle
• attachment to irregularities in the tooth surface
• attachment by direct contact of the calcified component and the tooth surface

Question 19

what is attachment by direct contact of the calcifed componenet and the tooth surface of calculus?

Answer 19

matrix of the calc is interlocked with the inorganic crystals of the tooth

Question 20

Do dental caries increase biofilm retention?

Answer 20

yes, caries can cause defects and can act as a protected environment

Question 21

Naturally occuring developmental grooves and concavities in tooth surfaces frequently lead to difficulty in self care and can be a contributing factor for gingivitis and perio because of

Answer 21

increased plaque biofilm retention at the site

Question 22

what is a palatogingival groove?

Answer 22

a groove that forms in development on some incisor teeth most frequently seen on maxillary lateral incisors

Question 23

What is pathogenicity

Answer 23

ability of a disease causing agent to actually produce the disease

Question 24

what is plaque biofilm pathogenicity

Answer 24

ability of the bacteria in the dental plaque to produce periodontal disease

Question 25

as plaque biofilm matures it becomes _____ pathogenic

Answer 25

more

Question 26

What are some local factors that cause direct damage to the periodontium?

Answer 26

- food impaction - patient habits - tongue thrusting - faulty restorations and appliances - direct damage from occlusal forces

Question 27

how does food impaction cause direct damage to the periodontium?

Answer 27

- alterations in gingival contour making difficult to clean | - in suclus can force gingival tissues away from tooth surface, contriubute to breakdown, serve as nutrients for decay

Question 28

how can the improper use of biofilm control aids result in direct damage?

Answer 28

can alter natural contours of tissues

Question 29

how can tonge thrusting cause direct damage to periodontium

Answer 29

- exerts lateral pressure against the teeth and may be traumatic to periodontium

Question 30

how does mouth breathing cause direct damage to the periodontium?

Answer 30

drys out gingival tissues in anterior region of the mouth

Question 31

How does inappropriate crown placement cause direct damage to the periodontium?

Answer 31

-when edges are too close to the margin and alveolar bone, closer than 2mm can result in resorbtion of alveolar bone

Question 32

How can improperly contoured restorations direcdtly damage the periodontium?

Answer 32

-inadequate space for interdental papilla or embrasure space

Question 33

how can faulty removable prosthesis cause direct damage to the periodontium?

Answer 33

-impinge on gingival tissue and favor biofilm acummulation

Question 34

how can there be direct damage to the periodontium from occlusal trauma?

Answer 34

-alveolar bone resorbtion can result

Question 35

what are some clinical signs of trauma from occlusion?

Answer 35

- tooth mobility - sensitivity to pressure - migration of teeth

Question 36

what are some signs of occlusal trauma present on radiographs?

Answer 36

-enlarged, funnel shaped PDL, alveolar bone resorbtion

Question 37

What is primary trauma from occlusion?

Answer 37

excessive occlusal forces on sound periodontium

Question 38

What is secondary trauma from occlusion?

Answer 38

normal occlusal forces on an unhealthy periodontium previously weakened by periodontitis

Question 39

What are parafunctional occlusal forces?

Answer 39

result from tooth to tooth contact made when not in the act of eating which exert force on teeth and periodontium

Question 40

What are some examples of parafunctional occlusal forces?

Answer 40

-clenching, bruxism