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ISAP > Module 5 - Circulatory system > Flashcards

Module 5 - Circulatory system Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 3 layers of blood vessel walls

A
  • tunica intima
  • tunica media
  • tunica adventitia
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2
Q

what is the tunica intima comprised of

A
  • endothelium
  • basement membrane
  • lamina propria
  • internal elastic membrane
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3
Q

what is the tunica media comprised of

A

smooth muscle (arranged circularly around vessel)
- external elastic lamina (in arteries)

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4
Q

what is the tunica adventitia comprised of

A
  • connective tissue (denser near tunica media then becoming more loose)
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5
Q

in which blood vessels can you find the external elastic lamina

A

arteries

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6
Q

which is the thick layer in arteries and veins

A

arteries have a thick tunica media
veins are thin walls but have a thick tunica externa

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7
Q

what are the large elastic arteries and medium muscular arteries known as and what are their functions

A

large elastic arteries:
- conducting arteries
- pressure reservoirs - can expand and recoil with changes in blood pressure

medium muscular arteries:
- distributing arteries
- vasoconstriction and vasodilation (direct blood into different regions of the body as needed

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8
Q

what are 2 examples of large elastic arteries and of medium muscular arteries

A

large elastic / conducting: Aorta and pulmonary trunk

medium muscular / distributing: brachial, radial

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9
Q

what are the 3 sections of the aorta

A
  • ascending aorta (immediately out the heart)
  • aortic arch
  • descending aorta (traveling to lower body)
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10
Q

what are the 3 main arteries arising from the aortic arch (in order of blood flow)

A
  • brachiocephalic artery (branching into right subclavian and right carotid)
  • left carotid
  • left subclavian
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11
Q

what are the 2 names for the descending aorta

A

thoracic aorta
abdominal aorta

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12
Q

where does the brachiocephalic artery supply

A

right side of head and right upper limb

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13
Q

what are the 2 branches of the brachiocephalic artery and where do they supply

A

right subclavian - right upper limb
right carotid - right side of head

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14
Q

what are the second 2 arteries branching off the aortic arch and where do they supply

A

left carotid - left side of head
left subclavian - left upper limb

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15
Q

what is the name of the veins draining blood from the arms and head

A
  • jugular veins drain the head
  • subclavian veins drain the arms
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16
Q

what is the pathway of blood from the head and arms to get back into the heart

A

the jugular (head) and subclavian (arm) veins of the right and left sides join (on their sides) to form the right and left brachiocephalic veins
the brachiocephalic veins join to for the superior vena cava and enter the right atrium

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17
Q

what are the names of the 5 main arteries in the arm

A
  • axillary artery
  • brachial artery
  • ulnar artery
  • radial artery
  • palmar artery
18
Q

how are arteries in the arm names

A

by the area they pass through
axilla is the armpit (axillary)
brachii is latin for “of the arm”
etc.

19
Q

which artery of the arm is usually palpated to measure pulse rate

A

radial (at the wrist)

20
Q

what is the difference between the internal and external iliac arteries

A

internal supplies the reproductive organs, pelvic organs and medial part of the thigh
external iliac artery continues into the femoral and supplies lower legs

21
Q

name the arteries a blood cell will flow through from the aorta down to the left foot

A

abdominal aorta
left common iliac artery
external iliac artery
femoral artery
popliteal artery
tibial artery
dorsalis pedis artery

22
Q

what are the 2 arteries that branch from the popliteal artery

A

anterior and posterior tibial artery

23
Q

what is the name of the blood vessel anterior to the vertebral column that supplies the organs of the abdomen

A

abdominal aorta

24
Q

what are the 4 paired branches off the abdominal aorta and where fo they supply

A
  • inferior phrenic arteries ( to diaphragm )
  • left + right adrenal arteries (to adrenal glands)
  • left + right renal arteries (to kidneys)
  • left + right gonadal arteries (to gonads)
25
Q

what are the 3 unpaired branches of the abdominal aorta

A
  • coeliac trunk
  • superior mesenteric artery
  • inferior mesenteric artery
26
Q

where does the coeliac trunk supply during embryonic development and during adulthood

A

embryonic: foregut
adult: stomach, duodenum, gallbladder, liver, pancreas

27
Q

where does the superior mesenteric artery supply during embryonic development and during adulthood

A

embryonic: midgut
adult: jejunum, ilium, caecum, appendix, ascending colon and transverse colon

28
Q

where does the inferior mesenteric artery supply during embryonic development and during adulthood

A

embryonic: hindgut
adult: descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum and anus

29
Q

where on the body can arterial pulse be taken (6)

A

radial, carotid, brachial, popliteal, facial, dorsalis pedis

30
Q

how is blood pressure written

A

systolic pressure/ diastolic pressure

31
Q

what is the equation for pulse pressure

A

systolic blood pressure - diastolic blood pressure

32
Q

what is the equation for mean arterial pressure

A

diastolic blood pressure + 1/3 of pulse pressure

33
Q

why is the brachial artery used for taking blood pressure

A
  • it is the same level as the heart so it gives the best representation of pressure during ventricular systole and diastole
34
Q

define total peripheral resistance

A

friction blood encounters as it passes through vessels

35
Q

what is the relationship between blood flow and resistance

A

inversely proportional

36
Q

what 3 factors affect peripheral resistance

A
  • blood viscosity
  • vessel length
  • vessel radium
37
Q

how is diastolic pressure maintained

A

pressure in arteries

38
Q

where are systolic and diastolic pressure measured

A

systolic - measure pressure exerted by ventricles (during systole)
diastolic - measures pressure in arteries (at the end of diastole) - measures the force exerted by blood upon arterial walls

39
Q

what do SBP and DBP give information about

A

Systolic BP - indicates cardiac output
diastolic BP - indicated peripheral resistance

40
Q

how is SBP and DBP measured indirectly / estimated

A

using a sphymomanomer (blow up cuff on arm)

41
Q

how accurate is it using approximate methods compared to catheterisation to measure blood pressure

A

within 10%

42
Q
A

ISAP (7 decks)

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