Module 5.1 - Intro + Muscles of the Head, Neck, and Trunk

Question 1

What are the 3 types of muscle tissue?

Answer 1

skeletal, smooth, and cardiac

Question 2

conscious control

Answer 2

person can consciously decide to use these muscles to complete an action

Question 3

motor actions

Answer 3

PNS carries messages from the CNS to a muscle

Question 4

sensory input

Answer 4

PNS carries info from the external environment and the muscles to the CNS

Question 5

What structures are included in the CNS?

Answer 5

brain, brainstem, and spinal cord

Question 6

tendons

Answer 6

connective tissue that connects skeletal muscle to bone at each end

Question 7

What are the function and characteristics of tendons?

Answer 7

flexible, can bend at joints, and help cushion against sudden movement

Question 8

What is the origin of a muscle?

Answer 8

bony site of attachment that is stationary during movement

Question 9

What is the insertion of a muscle?

Answer 9

bony site of attachment that is moved by the muscle contraction

Question 10

What is the muscle’s action?

Answer 10

the effect produced by the muscle’s contraction

Question 11

What is the muscle’s innevation?

Answer 11

the peripheral nerve that supplies muscle with message from the brain

Question 12

action and innervation of orbicularis oculi

Answer 12

action: eye closure;
innervation: CN VII

Question 13

action and innervation of orbicularis oris

Answer 13

action: mouth closure, closes lips, protrudes lips forward, presses lips against teeth;
innervation: CN VII

Question 14

action and innervation of zygomaticus major/minor

Answer 14

action: pull corners of lips upward;
innervation: CNVII

Question 15

action and innervation of risorius

Answer 15

action: pull corners of mouth posteriorly (grin or grimace);
innervation: CNVII

Question 16

action, innervation, and other name for frontalis

Answer 16

occipitofrontalis;
action: raises eyebrows;
innervation: CNVII

Question 17

action and innervation of buccinator

Answer 17

action: compresses cheeks;
innervation: CN VII

Question 18

action and innervation of masseter

Answer 18

action: jaw closure;
innervation: CN V(mandibular branch)

Question 19

action and innervation of temporalis

Answer 19

action: closes jaw, elevates mandible;
innervation: CN V(mandibular branch)

Question 20

lateral flexion

Answer 20

aka side flexion, refers to moving ear to same side shoulder

Question 21

neck flexion

Answer 21

refers to action of moving chin toward sternum

Question 22

bilateral vs. unilateral action

Answer 22

muscles acting together on both sides or muscle acting on one side only

Question 23

semispinalis capitis

Answer 23

Origin:articular processes of inferior cervical & transverse process of superior thoracic vertebrae
Insertion: occipital bone
Action: bilateral head extension, unilateral neck flexion
Innervation: spinal nerves

Question 24

sternocleidomastoid

Answer 24

Origin:sternal end of clavicle and manubrium
Insertion:mastoid region of skull
Action: bilateral neck flexion, unilateral neck rotation
Innervation: accessory nerve (CN XI)

Question 25

splenius capitis

Answer 25

Origin: spinous process/ligaments of inferior cervical vertebrae Insertion: mastoid process, occipital bone of skull Action: bilateral head extension, unilateral neck flexion Innervation: cervical spinal nerves

Question 26

What columns and categories for the erector spinae?

Answer 26

medial: spinalis, intermediate: longissimus, lateral: iliocostalis

Question 27

What are the 3 divisions of the medial column?

Answer 27

spinalis capitis, spinalis cervicis, spinalis thoracis

Question 28

What are the 3 divisions of the intermediate column?

Answer 28

longissimus capitis, longissimus cervicis, longissimus thoracis

Question 29

What are the 3 divisions of the iliocostalis column?

Answer 29

iliocostalis cervicis, iliocostalis thoracis, iliocostalis lumborum

Question 30

Longissimus cervicis

Answer 30

Origin: transverse procesess of superior thoracic vertabrae Insertion: transverse processes of middle and superior cervical vertebrae Action: bilateral head extension, unilateral neck flexion Innervation: cervical and thoracic spinal nerves

Question 31

Longissimus thoracis

Answer 31

Origin: transverse process of all thoracic and lumbar vertebrae Insertion: transverse processes of all thoracic vertebrae Action: bilateral - spinal extension, unilateral - lateral flexion of spine Innervation: thoracic and lumbar spinal nerves

Question 32

Thyrohyoid

Answer 32

Origin: thyroid cartilage of larynx Insertion: hyoid bone Action: depresses thyroid and elevates hyoid bone Innervation: hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)

Question 33

Scalenes(Anterior, middle, posterior)

Answer 33

Origin: transverse processes of C2-C7 Insertion: 1st and 2nd ribs Action: elevate ribs 1 and 2 Innervation: cervical spinal nerves

Question 34

Diaphragm

Answer 34

Origin: cartilage of ribs 7-12, xyphoid process, lumbar vertebrae Insertion: anterior longitudinal ligament Action: expands thoracic cavity and compreses abdominal cavity Innervation: C3-C5 (phrenic nerve)

Question 35

Internal Intercostals

Answer 35

Origin: superior border of ribs 2-12 Insertion: inferior border of ribs 1-11 Action: depress ribs (forced expiration) Innervation: intercostal nerves

Question 36

External Intercostals

Answer 36

Origin: lower border of ribs 1-11 Insertion: upper border of ribs 2-12 Action: elevate ribs (normal inspiration) Innervation: intercostal nerves

Question 37

Rectus Abdominis

Answer 37

Origin: pubic crest, pubic symphysis Insertion: cartilage of ribs 5-7, xyphoid process Action: flexion of spine, compression of abdominal viscera Innervation: spinal nerves T7-T12

Question 38

External Oblique

Answer 38

Origin: sternum, ribs 5-12 Insertion: linea alba, iliac crest Action: bilateral - flexion of spine + compression of abdomen; unilateral - spine fexion + rotation opposite direction Innervation: lower intercostal, ilioinguinal nerves

Question 39

Internal Oblique

Answer 39

Origin: iliac crest, lumbodorsal fascia Insertion: inferior ribs, linea alba Action: depresses ribs, compresses abdomen, flexes spine Innervation: lower intercostal, ilioinguinal nerves

Question 40

Transverse Abdominis

Answer 40

Origin: lateral inguinal ligament, inner iliac crest Insertion: linea alba, pubis Action: compression of abdomen Innervation: 1st lumbar nerve (T7-L1), Iliohypogastric (T12-L1), and ilioinguinal nerve (T12-L1)