Module 6

Question 1

Genetics

Answer 1

The science that studies how characteristics are passed from parent to offspring

Question 2

Genetic factors

Answer 2

The general guideline of traits determined by a person’s DNA

Question 3

Environmental factors

Answer 3

Those “nonbiological” factors that are involved in a person’s surroundings such as the nature of the person’s parents, the person’s friends, and the person’s behavioral choices. They also include things like exposure to chemicals, molds, extreme weather conditions, and allergens.

Question 4

Spiritual factors

Answer 4

The factors in a person’s life that are determined by the quality of his or her relationship with God

Question 5

Gene

Answer 5

The basic unit of heredity; a section of DNA that contains the code to produce a protein or a portion of a protein, thereby causing a trait

Question 6

Chromosome

Answer 6

The condensed threads of chromatin (DNA coiled around and supported by proteins) found in the nucleus of the cell

Question 7

Chromatin

Answer 7

Long strands of clusters of DNA and proteins in the nucleus of a cell

Question 8

DNA replication

Answer 8

The process by which two identical DNA molecules are produc from one original DNA molecule

Question 9

Chromosome

Answer 9

Condensed threads of chromatin found in the nucleus of the cell

Question 10

Chromatid

Answer 10

One of the two identical copies of a replicated chromosome joined by a centromere

Question 11

Centromere

Answer 11

The region where two sister chromatids are joined tightly together

Question 12

Triplet

Answer 12

A three-base sequence on DNA

Question 13

Codon

Answer 13

A three-base sequence on mRNA that codes for a specific amino acid

Question 14

Anticodon

Answer 14

A three-base sequence on tRNA

Question 15

Mitosis

Answer 15

A process of asexual reproduction in eukaryotic cells

Question 16

Interphase

Answer 16

The time interval between cellular reproductions

Question 17

Cytokinesis

Answer 17

The process, usually following mitosis or meiosis, in which the cytoplasm of a cell is divided in two

Question 18

Karyotype

Answer 18

The figure produced when the chromosomes of a species during metaphase are arranged according to their homologous pairs

Question 19

Diploid cell

Answer 19

A cell with chromosomes that come in homologous pairs or two sets of chromosomes

Question 20

Haploid cell

Answer 20

A cell that has only one representative of each chromosome pair or half the total number of chromosomes.

Question 21

iploid number (2n)

Answer 21

The total number of chromosomes in a diploid cell

Question 22

Haploid number (n)

Answer 22

The number of homologous pairs in a diploid cell (½ the total)

Question 23

Meiosis

Answer 23

The process by which a diploid (2) cell forms gametes (n)

Question 24

Gametes

Answer 24

Haploid cells (n) produced by diploid cells (2n) for the purpose of sexual reproduction

Question 25

Zygote

Answer 25

The result of sexual reproduction when each parent contributes half of the DNA necessary for the offspring

Question 26

Tetrad

Answer 26

Two homologous chromosomes consisting of four chromatids, two siste chromatids in each chromosome

Question 27

Crossing over

Answer 27

The exchange of genes between homologous chromosomes