Module 9

Question 1

Taxonomy

Answer 1

The science dealing with the description, identification, naming, and classifying of organisms

Question 2

Binomial nomenclature

Answer 2

Naming an organism with its genus and species name

Question 3

Antibiotic

Answer 3

A chemical secreted by a living organism that kills or reduces the reproduction rate of other organisms

Question 4

Pathogen

Answer 4

An organism that causes disease

Question 5

Saprophyte

Answer 5

An organism that feeds on dead matter

Question 6

Endospore

Answer 6

A thick internal wall (made of several hard layers), produced by the bacterium, that encloses its DNA and other essential parts

Question 7

Conjugation

Answer 7

A temporary union of two organisms for the purpose of DNA transfer

Question 8

Transformation

Answer 8

The transfer of a DNA segment from a nonfunctional donor cell to that of a functional recipient cell

Question 9

Transduction

Answer 9

The process in which infection by a virus results in DNA being transferred from one bacterium to another

Question 10

Virus

Answer 10

A noncellular infectious agent that has two characteristics:

(1) It has genetic material (DNA or RNA) inside a protective protein coat.

(2) It cannot reproduce on its own; it must infect a living cell.

Question 11

Lytic cycle

Answer 11

A virus enters a cell, hijacks the host cell’s DNA replication system, makes copies of itself, and causes the cell to burst, releasing more viruses

Question 12

Lysogenic cycle

Answer 12

A virus enters a cell, embeds its DNA into the DNA of the host cell and is replicated along with the host cell’s DNA