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BCPR > Module 6: Cancer > Flashcards

Module 6: Cancer Flashcards

1
Q

What is a benign tumor?

A
  • Non cancerous
  • Slow growing
  • Low rate of recurrence
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2
Q

What is a malignant tumor?

A
  • Cancerous
  • Rapidly growing
  • Invade surrounding tissues and can spread to other parts of the body
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3
Q

What type of cancer is described below:

A cancer that begins in the skin or in the tissues that line or cover internal organs.

A

Carcinoma

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4
Q

What type of cancer is described below:

Begins in the bone or in the soft tissues of the body.

A

Sarcoma

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5
Q

What type of cancer is described below:

…is a cancer of the bodys blood- forming tissues, including the bone marrow and lymphatic system

A

Leukemia

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6
Q

What type of cancer is described below:

…is a cancer that starts in cells that are part of the bodys immune system.

A

Lymphoma

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7
Q

What type of cancer is described below:

…is a blood cancer that develops in the bone marrorw….cells may damage the solid parts of the bone. It can also harm tissues and organs such as the kidneys

A

Multiple myeloma

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8
Q

What type of cancer is described below:

Tumors of the brain and spinal cord

A

Central nervous system

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9
Q

What classification is used for cancer patients?

A

TNM

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10
Q

In the cancer staging system what does the T in TNM refer to.

A

Size and extend of primary tumor

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11
Q

In the cancer staging system what does the N in TNM refer to?

A

Number of nearby lymph nodes that have cancer

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12
Q

In the cancer staging system what does the M in TNM refer to?

A

Whether the cancer has metastasized or spread to another part of the body

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13
Q

List common cancer risk factors

A
  • Smoking
  • Diet
  • Genetics
  • Occupations
  • Environment
  • Infectious agents
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14
Q

What is the most common cancer in women?

A

Breast cancer

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15
Q

What is the most common cancer in men?

A

Prostate

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16
Q

What type of radiation therapy is described below:

A machine is used to aim high energy rays from outside the body into the tumor.

Most common form of radiation

A

External

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17
Q

What type of radiation therapy is described below:

Allows higher doses of radiation in a smaller areas. Uses a radiation source called an implant.

A

Internal

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18
Q

What type of radiation therapy is described below:

Treatment that travels through a persons entire body rather than being aimed at one area.

A

Systemic

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19
Q

What type of chemotherapy is described below:

Administered after surgery to kill remaining cancer cells or reduce change or re occurance.

A

Adjuvant chemotherapy

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20
Q

What type of chemotherapy is described below:

Administered before surgery to shrink or stop/slow growth of tumor before surgery.

A

Neoadjuvant

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21
Q

What is Thrombocytopenia

A

Low platelets

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22
Q

Describe what can happen at this platelet range

<10,000 cells/mL

A

Significant risk of spontaneous hemorrhage

23
Q

Describe what can happen at this platelet range

<20,000 cells/mL

A
  • Increased risk
  • Special rehab considerations needed
  • Activity restrictions to walking and ADLs
24
Q

Describe what can happen at this platelet range

> 20,000 cells/mL

A
  • Light exercise with close symptom monitoring (maintain BP below 170/100, screen for symptoms of bleeding, including bruising and bleeding around the gums)
25
Q

Describe what can happen at this platelet range

> 30,000 cells/mL

A
  • Moderate exercise and light resistive exercise within tolerance
26
Q

What is average platelet count?

A

150,000 - 400,000

27
Q

What is neutropenia?

A

A condition where there is a lower than normal number of neutrophils (type of WBC) in the blood.

28
Q

What is defined as severe anemia?

A

Hemoglobin < 8

29
Q

What hemoglobin is considered anemic?

A

Hemoglobin < 11

30
Q

What are some structural or mechanically induced oncologic emergencies?

A
  • Spinal cord compression
  • Malignant pericardial effusion
  • Superior vena cava syndrome
31
Q

What are some symptoms of superior vena cava syndrome?

A
  • Swelling in upper thorax, neck and face.
  • Dyspnea
  • Dry cough
  • Tachycardia
  • Hypotension
  • Confusion
  • Headache
  • Vision changes
32
Q

What oncologic emergency is described below:

  • Swelling in upper thorax, neck and face.
  • Dyspnea
  • Dry cough
  • Tachycardia
  • Hypotension
  • Confusion
  • Headache
  • Vision changes
A

Superior vena cava syndrome

33
Q

What oncologic emergency is described below:

  • Increased intrapericardial pressure
  • Reduced cardiac output and cardiac tamponade
  • Dyspnea, cyanosis, engorged neck veins, orthopnea, congested cough, fatigue, palpitations, drop in systolic BP during inspiration
  • Hypotensive, tachycardic, narrow pulse pressure, diaphoretic
A

Malignant pericardial effusion

34
Q

What oncologic emergency is described below:

Localized thoracic back pain that increases when supine, increased thoracic pressure when coughing/sneezing, muscle weakness below area.

A

Spinal cord compression

35
Q

What are some examples of metabolic oncologic emergencies?

A
  • Hypercalcemia
  • Tumor lysis syndrome
36
Q

What metabolic oncologic emergencies is described below:

  • Constipation, lethargy, fatigue, bone pain, abdominal pain, polyuria, muscle weakness, confusion, delirium
A

Hypercalcemia

37
Q

What metabolic oncologic emergencies is described below:

  • Nausea, vomiting, weakness, fatigue, lethargy and arthralgia

Typical onset is during acute 6-72 hours post chemo

A

Tumor lysis syndrome

38
Q

What are some hematologic emergencies?

A
  • Neutropenic fever
  • Veno thrombolic events
39
Q

What hematologic emergency is described below?

  • Presence of a fever greater then 1 hour
  • Typical symptoms of infection, redness, swelling and pus exudate from wound are frequently absent
A

Neutropenic fever

40
Q

What hematologic emergency is described below?

  • DVT present with swelling in the extremity (most common in LE)
  • Pulmonary emboli
A

Veno thrombolic events

41
Q

What are some precautions for bone metastasis?

A
  • Monitor for increasing pain
  • No MMT testing in affected limb
  • No progressive resistive exercises in affected limb
  • Use AD to offload weight bearing through affected limb
42
Q

What term is described below:

  • Both a process and an outcome whereby a person experiences improved adaptation, awareness and psychological functioning after confronting an upsetting event.
  • Enhanced appreciation of life, more meaningful relationships and richer existential and spiritual life and personal strength
A

Post traumatic growth

43
Q

What are some evidence based interventions that support management of distress?

A
  • Mindfulness based therapy
  • CBT approaches
  • Psycho-educational interventions
  • Self management training
  • Relaxation techniques
  • Stress management training
  • Yoga
  • Physical activity
  • Support groups
44
Q

What percent of cancer survivors have reported changes in cognitive function before any treatment?

A

46%

45
Q

What percent of cancer survivors have reported cognitive changes during treatment?

A

Up to 75%

46
Q

What percent of cancer survivors have reported cognitive changes that have persisted for months or years following treatment?

A

Up to 60%

47
Q

What effects can opioids have on cognition?

A
  • Reduced attention span
  • Disorientation regarding time
  • Restlessness
  • Agitation
  • Hallucinations
  • Delirium
48
Q

What are some assessments used to assess cognition in cancer patients?

A
  • Hopkins verbal learning test
  • The trail making test
  • Controlled Oral work association test of the multilingual aphasia examination
  • Fact-COG
  • PROMIS cognitive function (pt report)
49
Q

What are the 3 types of pain in regards to cancer patients?

A
  • Neuropathic pain
  • Radiation therapy induced pain
  • Pain from bony metastatic disease and pathological fracture
50
Q

What are some interventions for managing CIPN (cancer induced peripheral neuropathy)?

A
  • Adaptation and compensatory strategies
  • TENS
  • Sensory reeducation
  • Compression stockings
  • Exercise
  • Kinesiotape
  • Coping strategies
51
Q

How many stages of lymphedema are there?

A

3

52
Q

What are some things or ways used to assess lymphedema?

A
  • Tape measurement
  • Water displacement
  • Peometry
  • Electrical conductance testing
53
Q

Name some assessments used to support OT performance in cancer survivors.

A
  • COPM
  • Role checklist
  • Performance Assessment of Self care skills
  • AM-PAC
  • Modified barthel index
  • Pittsburgh sleep quality index
  • PROMIS measures
  • IRF PAI
  • Worker role interview
  • Activity card sort
  • Sleep log
  • Katz index of independence in ADL
  • Reintegration to normal living index
  • Functional capacity evaluation
54
Q

List some interventions for sleep and rest-sleep hygiene.

A
  • Maintain regular bedtime and wake time everyday
  • Set aside worry time before bed
  • Limiting self to short nap (no more then 30 min)
  • Avoid heavy meals/fluid, including alcohol and caffeine intake within 3 hours of bed.
  • Avoid looking at the clock when awake during the night
  • Turn off electronics and light emitting sources at bedtime
  • Physical activity

BCPR (19 decks)

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