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BCPR > Module 6: Cancer > Flashcards

Module 6: Cancer Flashcards

(54 cards)

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1
Q

What is a benign tumor?

A
  • Non cancerous
  • Slow growing
  • Low rate of recurrence
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2
Q

What is a malignant tumor?

A
  • Cancerous
  • Rapidly growing
  • Invade surrounding tissues and can spread to other parts of the body
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3
Q

What type of cancer is described below:

A cancer that begins in the skin or in the tissues that line or cover internal organs.

A

Carcinoma

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4
Q

What type of cancer is described below:

Begins in the bone or in the soft tissues of the body.

A

Sarcoma

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5
Q

What type of cancer is described below:

…is a cancer of the bodys blood- forming tissues, including the bone marrow and lymphatic system

A

Leukemia

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6
Q

What type of cancer is described below:

…is a cancer that starts in cells that are part of the bodys immune system.

A

Lymphoma

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7
Q

What type of cancer is described below:

…is a blood cancer that develops in the bone marrorw….cells may damage the solid parts of the bone. It can also harm tissues and organs such as the kidneys

A

Multiple myeloma

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8
Q

What type of cancer is described below:

Tumors of the brain and spinal cord

A

Central nervous system

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9
Q

What classification is used for cancer patients?

A

TNM

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10
Q

In the cancer staging system what does the T in TNM refer to.

A

Size and extend of primary tumor

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11
Q

In the cancer staging system what does the N in TNM refer to?

A

Number of nearby lymph nodes that have cancer

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12
Q

In the cancer staging system what does the M in TNM refer to?

A

Whether the cancer has metastasized or spread to another part of the body

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13
Q

List common cancer risk factors

A
  • Smoking
  • Diet
  • Genetics
  • Occupations
  • Environment
  • Infectious agents
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14
Q

What is the most common cancer in women?

A

Breast cancer

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15
Q

What is the most common cancer in men?

A

Prostate

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16
Q

What type of radiation therapy is described below:

A machine is used to aim high energy rays from outside the body into the tumor.

Most common form of radiation

A

External

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17
Q

What type of radiation therapy is described below:

Allows higher doses of radiation in a smaller areas. Uses a radiation source called an implant.

A

Internal

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18
Q

What type of radiation therapy is described below:

Treatment that travels through a persons entire body rather than being aimed at one area.

A

Systemic

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19
Q

What type of chemotherapy is described below:

Administered after surgery to kill remaining cancer cells or reduce change or re occurance.

A

Adjuvant chemotherapy

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20
Q

What type of chemotherapy is described below:

Administered before surgery to shrink or stop/slow growth of tumor before surgery.

A

Neoadjuvant

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21
Q

What is Thrombocytopenia

A

Low platelets

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22
Q

Describe what can happen at this platelet range

<10,000 cells/mL

Study These Flashcards
A

Significant risk of spontaneous hemorrhage

23
Q

Describe what can happen at this platelet range

<20,000 cells/mL

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Increased risk
  • Special rehab considerations needed
  • Activity restrictions to walking and ADLs
24
Q

Describe what can happen at this platelet range

> 20,000 cells/mL

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Light exercise with close symptom monitoring (maintain BP below 170/100, screen for symptoms of bleeding, including bruising and bleeding around the gums)
25
Describe what can happen at this platelet range > 30,000 cells/mL
- Moderate exercise and light resistive exercise within tolerance
26
What is average platelet count?
150,000 - 400,000
27
What is neutropenia?
A condition where there is a lower than normal number of neutrophils (type of WBC) in the blood.
28
What is defined as severe anemia?
Hemoglobin < 8
29
What hemoglobin is considered anemic?
Hemoglobin < 11
30
What are some structural or mechanically induced oncologic emergencies?
- Spinal cord compression - Malignant pericardial effusion - Superior vena cava syndrome
31
What are some symptoms of superior vena cava syndrome?
- Swelling in upper thorax, neck and face. - Dyspnea - Dry cough - Tachycardia - Hypotension - Confusion - Headache - Vision changes
32
What oncologic emergency is described below: - Swelling in upper thorax, neck and face. - Dyspnea - Dry cough - Tachycardia - Hypotension - Confusion - Headache - Vision changes
Superior vena cava syndrome
33
What oncologic emergency is described below: - Increased intrapericardial pressure - Reduced cardiac output and cardiac tamponade - Dyspnea, cyanosis, engorged neck veins, orthopnea, congested cough, fatigue, palpitations, drop in systolic BP during inspiration - Hypotensive, tachycardic, narrow pulse pressure, diaphoretic
Malignant pericardial effusion
34
What oncologic emergency is described below: Localized thoracic back pain that increases when supine, increased thoracic pressure when coughing/sneezing, muscle weakness below area.
Spinal cord compression
35
What are some examples of metabolic oncologic emergencies?
- Hypercalcemia - Tumor lysis syndrome
36
What metabolic oncologic emergencies is described below: - Constipation, lethargy, fatigue, bone pain, abdominal pain, polyuria, muscle weakness, confusion, delirium
Hypercalcemia
37
What metabolic oncologic emergencies is described below: - Nausea, vomiting, weakness, fatigue, lethargy and arthralgia Typical onset is during acute 6-72 hours post chemo
Tumor lysis syndrome
38
What are some hematologic emergencies?
- Neutropenic fever - Veno thrombolic events
39
What hematologic emergency is described below? - Presence of a fever greater then 1 hour - Typical symptoms of infection, redness, swelling and pus exudate from wound are frequently absent
Neutropenic fever
40
What hematologic emergency is described below? - DVT present with swelling in the extremity (most common in LE) - Pulmonary emboli
Veno thrombolic events
41
What are some precautions for bone metastasis?
- Monitor for increasing pain - No MMT testing in affected limb - No progressive resistive exercises in affected limb - Use AD to offload weight bearing through affected limb
42
What term is described below: - Both a process and an outcome whereby a person experiences improved adaptation, awareness and psychological functioning after confronting an upsetting event. - Enhanced appreciation of life, more meaningful relationships and richer existential and spiritual life and personal strength
Post traumatic growth
43
What are some evidence based interventions that support management of distress?
- Mindfulness based therapy - CBT approaches - Psycho-educational interventions - Self management training - Relaxation techniques - Stress management training - Yoga - Physical activity - Support groups
44
What percent of cancer survivors have reported changes in cognitive function before any treatment?
46%
45
What percent of cancer survivors have reported cognitive changes during treatment?
Up to 75%
46
What percent of cancer survivors have reported cognitive changes that have persisted for months or years following treatment?
Up to 60%
47
What effects can opioids have on cognition?
- Reduced attention span - Disorientation regarding time - Restlessness - Agitation - Hallucinations - Delirium
48
What are some assessments used to assess cognition in cancer patients?
- Hopkins verbal learning test - The trail making test - Controlled Oral work association test of the multilingual aphasia examination - Fact-COG - PROMIS cognitive function (pt report)
49
What are the 3 types of pain in regards to cancer patients?
- Neuropathic pain - Radiation therapy induced pain - Pain from bony metastatic disease and pathological fracture
50
What are some interventions for managing CIPN (cancer induced peripheral neuropathy)?
- Adaptation and compensatory strategies - TENS - Sensory reeducation - Compression stockings - Exercise - Kinesiotape - Coping strategies
51
How many stages of lymphedema are there?
3
52
What are some things or ways used to assess lymphedema?
- Tape measurement - Water displacement - Peometry - Electrical conductance testing
53
Name some assessments used to support OT performance in cancer survivors.
- COPM - Role checklist - Performance Assessment of Self care skills - AM-PAC - Modified barthel index - Pittsburgh sleep quality index - PROMIS measures - IRF PAI - Worker role interview - Activity card sort - Sleep log - Katz index of independence in ADL - Reintegration to normal living index - Functional capacity evaluation
54
List some interventions for sleep and rest-sleep hygiene.
- Maintain regular bedtime and wake time everyday - Set aside worry time before bed - Limiting self to short nap (no more then 30 min) - Avoid heavy meals/fluid, including alcohol and caffeine intake within 3 hours of bed. - Avoid looking at the clock when awake during the night - Turn off electronics and light emitting sources at bedtime - Physical activity

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