Module 3: Lesson 3: Fracture Flashcards
How many different types of fractures are there?
9
Name the different types of fractures.
- Transverse
- Spiral
- Oblique
- Comminuted
- Segmental
- Avulsed
- Greenstick
- Torus
- Impacted
True or false:
Fractures can be intra-articular or extraarticular, open or closed?
True
Name some common types of wrist fractures
- Colles fracture
- Smiths fracture
Name a common hand fracture
Boxers fracture
Name a common type of elbow fracture
Distal humerous
Name a common type of shoulder fracture
- Proximal humerous
- Humeral shaft
What is the general healing time for a callus formation?
2-3 weeks
What is the general healing time for a union fracture?
4-6 weeks
What is the general healing time for a consolidation fracture?
6-8 weeks
What are some common complications associated with fractures?
- CRPS
- Arthritis
- Unhealed fractures/nonunion
- Heterotopic ossifications
- CTS
- Frozen shoulder
Name some coordination/dexterity assessments
- O’conner Tweezer Dexterity Test (FM using a small tool)
- Minnesota Rate of Manipulation Test (arm/hand dexterity)
- Purdue pegboard test
Describe conservative management for shoulder fractures.
- Sling immobilization for up to 6 weeks
- AROM of elbow, forearm, wrist and hand
- Controlled exercises begin 1-2 wks post injury with pendulum and PROM (elevation, IR/ER)
**Passive stretching is contraindicated during initial phase of fracture healing
- 4-6 weeks post AA/AROM can begin (start supine)
- Strengthening can begin when cleared by MD (typically 8-12 weeks)
What are the most common elbow fractures?
- Radial head
- Olecranon
- Distal humeral
What is the most common surgical procedure for elbow fractures?
ORIF
Describe post surgical treatment for shoulder fractures.
- Some surgeons begin with early ROM programs, others wait
- Post surgical protocols follow the same ROM as non surgical except for timing.
- May be ROM (ER limited to 30 degrees)
- Strengthening delayed until 12 wks post op
Humeral shaft fractures require what type of brace?
Sarmiento brace - allows ROM below fracture site
With what type of fracture might the patient present with a radial nerve palsy?
Humeral shaft
Describe conservative management for elbow fractures.
- If stable and aligned: Therapy can begin 2-3 days after injury
- Goal is to restore motion and protect elbow to allow optimal healing.
- Use removable posterior thermoplastic elbow orthosis
- Initiate AROM of uninvolved joints immediately after injury
Week 1: Remove orthosis for AA and AROM elbow and forearm (gravity assisted positions)
- When there is evidence of fracture union/stability begin PROM in hinge orthosis, joint and soft tissue mob, affected UE for light fx activities.
- Week 6-8: Begin strength exercises
- Week 8: Increase ROM through full range, increase strength
Describe distal radius fracture interventions
- Edema management
- ROM in pain free range (extend their wrist while their digits are in composite flexion and during wrist flexion, the digits can relax)
- Strengthening
- ADLs/occupations
Describe orthosis for boxers fracture
May include wrist in slight extension, MCPs flexed to 60 degrees or more and IP extension
Describe treatment for boxers fracture
- Orthosis
- Early, controlled AROM when MD approves
- 8-12 weeks gentle strengthening on the ulnar side of the hand
What type of pelvic fracture is classified as stable?
Type A
What type of pelvic fracture is classified as rotationally unstable, but vertically stable?
Type B
