Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BCPR > Module 2: Lesson 1: Review of Cognition > Flashcards

Module 2: Lesson 1: Review of Cognition Flashcards

1
Q

What term describes the following: Information-processing functions carried out by the brain that include attention, memory, executive function, comprehension and formation of speech, calculation ability, visual perception and praxis skills.

A

Cognition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What term describes the following: Functioning that is below expected normative levels or loss of ability in any area of cognitive functioning capacities?

A

Cognitive dysfunction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Name some neurological disease, events, injuries or disorders that can have cognitive dysfunction.

A
  • Stroke
  • TBI
  • Lyme disease
  • MS
  • Chronic fatigue syndrome
  • Diabetes
  • RA
  • HIV/AIDS
  • Parkinsons
  • Cardiac and circulatory conditions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Name some mental health conditions that the population is at risk for cognitive dysfunction.

A
  • Schizophrenia
  • Major depressive disorder
  • Bipolar disorder
  • Substance abuse disorder
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What term describes the following: How people use and integrate their thinking and processing skills to accomplish everyday activities in clinical and community living settings?

A

Functional cognition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

True or false: Rather than trying to isolate specific cognitive functions, OTs assess clients ability to apply the totality of their metacognitive, cognitive and performance based capacities or skills to achieve occupational performance goals

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

This term is a blanket term that describes measurable symptoms from acquired disruption in neural substrates.

A

Neurocognitive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Neurocognitive disorder cluster: Name the 6 principal domains of cognitive function.

A
  1. Complex attention
  2. Executive function
  3. Learning and memory
  4. Language
  5. Perceptual-motor function
  6. Social cognition
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Mild NCD is typically described as how many standard deviations below age and education adjusted norms?

A

1 - 2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Name the diagnostic criteria for mild NCD

A
  • Modest cognitive decline from previous level of performance in 1 or more cognitive domains
  • Concern of the individual or clinician that there has been a ***** decline in cognitive function
  • Modest impairment in cognitive performance (preferably documented by standardized neuropsychological testing)
  • Cognitive deficits do not interfere with capacity for independence in IADL, but greater effort, compensatory strategies or accommodation may be required
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Name the NCD level described below:

  • Modest cognitive decline from previous level of performance in 1 or more cognitive domains
  • Concern of the individual or clinician that there has been a decline in cognitive function
  • Modest impairment in cognitive performance
  • Cognitive deficits do not interfere with capacity for independence in IADL, but greater effort, compensatory strategies or accommodation may be required
A

Mild NCD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Describe major NCD

A
  • Impairment in only 1 cognitive domain is needed to qualify
  • memory is only a requirement to be an impairment for Alzheimer’s disease
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Major NCD is typically how many standard deviations below age and education adjusted norms?

A

Greater than 2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Name the following NCD:

  • Impairment in only 1 cognitive domain is needed to qualify
  • memory is only a requirement to be an impairment for Alzheimer’s disease
A

Major NCD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How many types of severity specifiers are there within major NCD?

A

3 - mild, moderate, severe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Name the severity specifier within major NCD described below:

  • Impairment only in IADL
A

Mild

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Name the severity specifier within major NCD described below:

  • Impairment in basic day to day functions such as clothing and feeding
A

Moderate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Name the severity specifier within major NCD that is described below:

  • Completely dependent on others
A

Severe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Describe the mild severity specifier within major NCD

A
  • Impairment only in IADLs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Describe the moderate severity specifier within major NCD

A
  • Impairment in basic day to day functions such as clothing and feeding
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Describe the severe severity specifier within major NCD

A

Completely dependent on others

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

True or false: Rather than trying to isolate specific cognitive functions, OTs assess the clients ability to apply the totality of their metacognitive, cognitive and performance based capacities or skills to achieve occupational performance goals.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Describe internal vs external constructs of cognitive rehab.

A
  • Internal strategy: A change in the way that the person things
  • External strategy: Use of an aid, environmental modification, or altering activity demand
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What strategy is described as the following:
- A change in the way that the person thinks (i.e. implementation of formal problem solving routines)

A

Internal strategy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What strategy is described as the following:
- Use of an aid (i.e. smartphone or schedule), environmental modification, or altering activity demand.

A

External strategy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Name the types of constructs of cognitive rehabilitation models

A
  • Internal vs external strategies
  • Restitution
  • Remedial
  • Substitution
  • Adaptive/functional
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What term is described below:

Focuses on the recovery of lost abilities

A

Purpose of restitution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is the model described below:

  • Process oriented
  • Direct retraining/restoration of impaired cognitive skills
  • Targets underlying mechanisms of memory, attention, executive function that may cause deficits
A

Remedial model

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What construct is described below:

Relates to the development of new ways to circumvent the impaired function

A

Construct of substitution

30
Q

What construct is described below:

  • Targets the tasks and functions individuals need and want to perform
  • Directly teaches and trains people to accomplish these despite a cognitive disability
  • Adapt the environment to a persons abilities
A

Adaptive/functional construct

31
Q

This describes which of the following constructs of cognitive rehab models?

  • Focuses on the recovery of lost abilities
A

Restitution

32
Q

This describes which of the following constructs of cognitive rehab models?

  • Process oriented
  • Direct retraining/restoration of impaired core cognitive skills
  • Targets underlying mechanisms of memory, attention and EF
A

Remedial

33
Q

This describes which of the following constructs of cognitive rehab models?

  • Relates to the development of new ways to circumvent the impaired function
A

Substitution

34
Q

This describes which of the following constructs of cognitive rehab models?

  • Targets the tasks and functions individuals need and want to perform
  • Directly teaches and trains people to accomplish these despite a cognitive disability
  • Adapt the environment to a persons abilities
A

Adaptive/functional

35
Q

Describe the neuroanatomical intervention model methods

A
  • Phasic alerting
  • Eye patching
  • Prism adaptation
36
Q

Describe the restorative/remedial methods of the intervention model

A
  • Remedial/neuropsychological: Focused on specific cognitive components
  • Cognitive computer based training programs
37
Q

OT intervention models for cognitive compensation methods

A
  • Dynamic interactional model
  • DIM and severe mental illness
  • Cognitive orientation to daily occupational Performance (CO-OP)
  • Cognitive retraining
  • Dynamic cognitive intervention
38
Q

OT functional and environmental intervention model methods

A
  • Neurofunctional basis for training
  • Cognitive disabilities model
  • Neurocognition and function based on cognitive levels
39
Q

What OT intervention model is described as the following:

  • Focus on providing methods that compensate for areas of dysfunctions
A

Cognitive compensation

40
Q

What OT intervention model is described as the following:

  • Focus on skill and task specific training intervention
  • Adapt the task or environment and caregiver educaiton
A

Functional and environmental

41
Q

What is the cognitive functional evaluation extended (CFE-E)?

A
  • Multifaceted approach used by OTs for individuals with suspected cognitive disabilities
  • Systematic decision-making process and may include assessments from the various domains and stages
  • Provides OTs with the clients cognitive strengths/weakness in occupational performance
42
Q

How many steps are there for the CFE-E?

A

5 steps

43
Q

Describe the 5 steps of the CFE-E

A
  1. Initial interview with background info
  2. Functional cognitive assessment, cognitive screen and baseline status
  3. Cognitive tests for specific domains
  4. Environment and safety assessments
  5. QOL and well being assessments
44
Q

Describe the top down approach

A

Involves higher cognitive processes to regulate lower processes, as in training in self-awareness or mental cognitive control strategies

45
Q

Describe bottom up approaches

A

An intervention that focuses on repetitive practice of processes that are considered fundamental cognitive processes, such as structured sensory stimulation or repetitive practice in attention skills.

46
Q

What approach is described by the following:

An intervention that focuses on repetitive practice of processes that are considered fundamental cognitive processes, such as structured sensory stimulation or repetitive practice in attention skills.

A

Bottom up

47
Q

What approach is described by the following:

Involves higher cognitive processes to regulate lower processes, as in training in self awareness or mental cognitive control strategies

A

Top-down approach

48
Q

What are the 3 categorizations of cognitive rehabilitation?

A
  1. General stimulation and hierachial based approaches
  2. Process specific approaches
  3. Strategy drive approaches targeting EF
49
Q

What category of cognitive rehabilitation is described below:
- Attempt to enhance client function by stimulation targeting cognitive deficits or compromised cognitive process
- Foundational cognitive processes are addressed before higher order capacities
- Little evidence has supported these approaches
- Still in use, not considered evidenced based

A

General stimulation and hierarchial based approaches

50
Q

Describe the general stimulation and hierarchial based approach.

A
  • Attempt to enhance client function by stimulation targeting cognitive deficits or compromised cognitive process
  • Foundational cognitive processes are addressed before higher order capacities
  • Little evidence has supported these approaches
  • Still in use, not considered evidenced based
51
Q

Describe the process specifica approach

A
  • Behavioral and or cognitive compensatory routines
  • Target self awareness and error correction
  • Highly focused on specific cognitive process and or skills
  • More highly focused approaches noted to be more effective then lass targeted alternatives
52
Q

What cognitive rehabilitation approach does the following describe:
- Behavioral and or cognitive compensatory routines
- Target self awareness and error correction
- Highly focused on specific cognitive process and or skills
- More highly focused approaches noted to be more effective then lass targeted alternatives

A

Process specific approach

53
Q

Describe the strategy driven approaches targeting EF

A
  • Metacognitive strategies, teaching patients to:
  • Identify problems
  • Develop their own methods to overcome them
  • Implement and evaluate the solutions
54
Q

The following describes which cognitive rehab approach:

  • Metacognitive strategies, teaching patients to:
  • Identify problems
  • Develop their own methods to overcome them
  • Implement and evaluate the solutions
A

Strategy driven approaches targeting EF

55
Q

What are the 6 classifications of cognitive rehablitation strategies

A
  1. Global learning strategy
  2. Function embedded cognitive retraining
  3. Domain specific strategy training
  4. Process specific cognitive retraining
  5. Task specific training
  6. Environmental modifications and assistive technology
56
Q

What cognitive rehabilitation strategy is described below:

  • Assists in developing a general thinking routine
  • Enables development of solutions applicable to a wide range of novel problems encountered in daily life
  • Includes approaches targeting EC and increased self awareness
  • Focuses on awareness of the impaired cognitive processes rather than basic cognitive deficit remediation
  • Assists in the development of top down compensatory strategies using scripts facilitating problem solving, decision making, reasoning and the like
  • Training may be provided in such a way as to attempt to maximize the chances for generalization, but generalization is assumed to occur
  • Actual task practices are incidental, as the central focus in on the strategy
A

Global strategy learning

57
Q

What cognitive rehabilitation strategy is described below?

  • Cognitive retraining is conducted within a performance context and is specific to the task
  • (i.e. attention retraining during driving reeducaiton)
  • Although the training is context specific, evidence suggests that generalization of skills and improved performance on other tasks occurs
  • Generalization noted to depend on the degree of overlap in processing operations between training task and new task
A

Funciton embedded cognitive retraining

58
Q

What cognitive rehabilitation strategy is described below:

  • Mental routines designed to gain mastery of a particular type of problem or situation
  • Assists clients to manage specific perceptual, cognitive, or functional deficits
  • Focus in on the strategy rather than on the task itself
  • Training may be provided in such a way as to attempt to maximize the chances for generalization, but generalization is assumed to occur
A

Domain specific strategy training

59
Q

What cognitive rehabilitation strategy is described below:

  • Remediation of a specific cognitive deficit
  • Employs a massive bottom up stimulation of the impaired cognitive perceptual skill (i.e. prism adaptation training, eye patch training)
A

Process specific cognitive retraining

60
Q

What cognitive rehabilitation strategy is described below:

  • Teaches a specific functional behavior by employing errorless learning to circumvent performance hindering cognitive deficits
  • No assumptions are made regarding generalization, or secondary effects on awareness, mental efficiency, organization and performance in other domains
A

Task specific training

61
Q

What cognitive rehabilitation strategy is described below:

  • Included in most of the other approaches
  • In part addresses task demand simplification to bolster skill acquisition and decrease cues along the way
  • A good match between abilities and environmental demands may be central to success
A

Environmental modification and assistive technology

62
Q

True or false:

Cognitive functioning can be understood in isolation from the context in which it takes place or by an analysis of individual cognitive skills.

A

False - it can’t

63
Q

True or false

Rather then trying to isolate cognitive skills, practitioners seek to assess a clients capacity to manage everyday problems.

A

True

64
Q

How is cognitive dysfunction classified?

A
  • Mild
  • Major
65
Q

Do OTs isolate specific cognitive functions when working with patients?

A

No - They assess the clients ability to apply the totality of their metacognitive, cognitive and performance based capacities or skills to achieve occupational performance goals

66
Q

How many principal domains of cognitive function are there?

A

6

67
Q

Name the 6 domains of cognitive function

A
  • Attention
  • EF
  • Learning & memory
  • Language
  • Perceptual motor
  • Social cognition
68
Q

What OT cognitive strategy is described below:

This strategy focuses on teaching clients strategies to manage specific perceptual or cognitive deficits, versus being taught the task itself.

I.e. Teaching someone to use a PDA can help compensate for memory or organizational difficulties.

A

Domain specific strategy training

69
Q

What OT cognitive strategy is described below:

Cognitive processes are addressed within the context of the activity.

I.e. Attention retraining during driving reeducaiton.

A

Cognitive retraining embeded in functional activity

70
Q

What OT cognitive strategy is described below:

Environmental modifications and simplications are a component of most of the approaches described. Part of the process of OT intervention involves addressing the complexity of what the person needs to do and altering environmental contexts to enhance the match between the clients abilities and the environmental demands.

A

Environmental modifications and use of assistive technology

71
Q

What OT cognitive strategy is described below:

For clients with more severe cognitive impairments, OT practitioners focus on improving a functional skill, “working around” the cognitive impairment to address the needed self care or community living skill.

I.e. dressing or crossing the street

A

Specific functional skills training

72
Q

What OT cognitive strategy is described below:

Focuses on improving awareness of cognitive processes and assisting clients to develop their own compensatory approaches.

I.e. internal problems solving and reasoning strategies to function as safely and independently as possible

A

Global strategy learning and awareness approaches

BCPR (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions