module 7

Question 1

what are the 7 primate order characteristics?

Answer 1

1.) emphasis on color vision/vision
2.) reduced snout
3.) auditory bulla
4.) prehensile hands/feet
5.) larger brain
6.) decreased litter size
7.) postorbital bar/septum

Question 2

what is a postorbital bar?

Answer 2

skeletal structure in the form of a BAR OF BONE behind the eye that does NOT CLOSE off completely

Question 3

what is a postorbital partition (septum/closure)

Answer 3

eye socket is entirely protected by bone

Question 4

what are the 4 characteristics of binocular & stereoscopic vision?

Answer 4

• 2 eyes facing forward
• overlapping visual fields
• depth perception
• eyes send signals to BOTH hemispheres

Question 5

what is color vision?

Answer 5

abundance of cones in the eyes

Question 6

which organisms usually have color vision?

Answer 6

diurnal & crepuscular organisms

Question 7

which primates are the exception to having color vision?

Answer 7

nocturnal

Question 8

what is auditory bulla?

Answer 8

skeletal chamber that holds the small bones of the middle ear

Question 9

what is night vision?

Answer 9

• abundance of rods in eyes
• allows nocturnal animals to see at night

Question 10

what is k-selection?

Answer 10

reproducing strategy where there’s a small amount of offspring but extensive care (primates)

Question 11

what is r-selection?

Answer 11

reproducing strategy where there’s numerous offspring but no parental care

Question 12

what is the visual predation hypothesis?

Answer 12

• catching small prey using specialized vision & motor skills set primate evolution in motion

Question 13

What is the geographic distribution of Lemuriformes?

Answer 13

Madagascar

Question 14

what is the geographic distribution of Lorisiformes? (Lost an apple)

Answer 14

Africa/Asia

Question 15

What is the geographic distribution of Tarsiiformes? ( the secret answer)

Answer 15

Southeast Asia

Question 16

What is the geographic distribution of Platyrrhini (new world monkeys)

Answer 16

South America

Question 17

What is the geographic distribution of Catarrhini (Old world monkeys)

Answer 17

africa/asia

Question 18

what is the geographic distribution of Hylobatidae (Hominoidea)

Answer 18

Southeast Asia

Question 19

What is the only species of Hominidae that isn’t found in Africa? Where are they found?

Answer 19

• Orangutan
• sumatra/borneo

Question 20

Where are Gorilla, Homininae, & Homini found?

Answer 20

• Gorilla & homininae - Africa
• Hominini - everywhere (humans)

Question 21

What is the dental formula?

Answer 21

ICPM
- # incisors: # canines: # premolars: # molars

Question 22

what is the frontal bone?

Answer 22

bone that forms part of skull & upper part of eye sockets

Question 23

what is the Mandibular Symphasis?

Answer 23

lower jawbone

Question 24

what is the dental comb?

Answer 24

• mandible incisors (lower jaw front teeth) are specialized for grooming & feeding
• project to the front of the mouth

Question 25

what is rhinarium?

Answer 25

external moist membranes in the nose (wet nose)

Question 26

what is toilet claw?

Answer 26

claw used for grooming

Question 27

what is prehensile tail?

Answer 27

tail that can be used for grabbing objects

Question 28

what are twin births?

Answer 28

monozygotic (from one zygote) but not identical

Question 29

what is the canine diastema?

Answer 29

gap in tooth row to accommodate the canine tooth so mammal can close its mouth to chew

Question 30

what is the CP3 complex? what is it an example of?

Answer 30

- large canines & goes with diastema - example of sexual dimorphism (much larger in males than in females)

Question 31

what is the sectorial premolar?

Answer 31

lower diastema premolar is TILTED at an angle so when the animal shuts mouth, the canine rubs against the premolar & SHARPENS

Question 32

what are ischial callosities?

Answer 32

thick pieces of skin found on buttocks

Question 33

what is the bilophodont molar pattern?

Answer 33

4 cusps on the molar lower molars have 2 ridges

Question 34

what is estrus & estrus swelling?

Answer 34

- female mammal period of sexual receptivity - swelling signals to males that they are ready to mate

Question 35

what is the y-5 molar pattern

Answer 35

- 5 cusps on the molar, no ridges - better for mashing & grinding

Question 36

what is sexual dimorphism?

Answer 36

average difference in body size bet adult males & females that distinguish between the 2 genders

Question 37

what are the 5 anatomical characteristics of Hominoids? (Bees Sting If Legs Nice)

Answer 37

- brachiators anatomy - short legs, long arms - IMI > 100 - larger pilates swing - no tail

Question 38

what are the 6 characteristics of Cercopithecoidea? (Questions Never Let Lies In Target)

Answer 38

- quadruped anatomy - narrow, deep thorax - limited shoulder rotation - limited forearm extension & wrist flexibility - arms & lengths same length (IMI = 100) - tail

Question 39

distinguish between diurnal, nocturnal, & crepuscular

Answer 39

- diurnal: awake during the day - nocturnal: awake at night - crepuscular: awake during twilight (before sunrise, but not fully dark)