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anthro 2b > module 9 > Flashcards

module 9 Flashcards

1
Q

what are chimps the link between?

A

man & nature

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2
Q

how were early scientific accounts of apes conducted? what did they find?

A
  • compared strip of DNA to find differences
  • found that chimps & humans are 2 diff creatures & have the LEAST # of differences
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3
Q

what does genetic similarity mean?

A

share many of the same PROTEIN ORDER in DNA

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4
Q

what does genetic difference mean?

A

difference in DNA/protein

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5
Q

what is the problem with mapping genetic difference to behavioral difference?

A
  • there is no necessary relationship
  • different behavior doesn’t mean different genetics
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6
Q

what is the relationship between accuracy & authority in science?

A
  • sciences AIMS for ACCURACY (building models & mechanisms)
  • science HAS AUTHORITY (privileged position; special claims to validity)
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7
Q

what is scientism?

A
  • uncritical acceptance of science
  • there is a BIG problem: they CLAIM but aren’t always ACCURATE/correct
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8
Q

What is the effect of sociocultural embeddedness of science?

A
  • problem for behavior genetics as it NATURALIZES the SOCIAL WORLD
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9
Q

what 4 questions do we need to ask ourselves in terms of the responsibilities of science? (Stinky dogs stinky rats)

A
  • what do scientific ideas DO?
  • are scientific ideas SUPPORTED?
  • are we engaging in SCIENTISM?
  • need to research subjects
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10
Q

Where do problems of race originate from?

A

we are all a subset of africa
problems of race are SOCIAL not biological
- how useful is race?

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11
Q

what is elitism

A

one group is better at something than others

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12
Q

what is eugenics?

A

breeding programs for people to increase “good” traits & remove “bad” traits

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13
Q

How is “African” a paraphyletic category?

A
  • ancestral, diverse group
  • Asians & Europeans come from Africans
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14
Q

in what 4 areas do we see the scientism of eugenics?

A
  • public policy
  • forced sterilization
  • genocide
  • U.S. immigration policy
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15
Q

what is the Human Genome Diversity Project?

A
  • effort to establish genetic research museum of human species
  • use CELL LINES derived from VARIOUS GROUPS of people around the world
  • genetic diversity is a CONTINUUM with NO CLEAR BREAKS delineating racial groups
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16
Q

What does science say about other epistemologies?

A

there is no God bc science has established that there is no God (no evidence/test) - but there is also no way to disprove this

17
Q

what is a paleospecies vs biological species

A
  • paleospecies: anatomically similar (cannot look at reproductive similarity in fossils)
  • biological species: can breed effectively
18
Q

what are lumpers vs splitters

A
  • lumpers: taxonomists who assigned BROAD differences
  • splitters: taxonomists who make PRECISE definitions & create NEW categories
19
Q

how do we infer phylogenetic relationships?

A

through use of similarities in molecular structure of proteins or DNA

20
Q

what is nucleotide sequencing

A

comparing the same strip of DNA in 2 diff creatures

21
Q

what is topology

A

tree diagram showing evolutionary relationships

22
Q

how do we infer phylogenetic relationships in traditional taxonomies

A

through anatomical similarity (comparative anatomy, fossil record, & shared-derived traits)

23
Q

what is the molecular clock?

A

estimated time of branching events in our topologies

24
Q

when did humans & chimpanzees split?

A

7-10 million years ago

25
Q

what are fossils

A
  • preserved remnants of once living things, often buried underground
  • natural record of an ancient life form
  • RARE
26
Q

what is fossilization

A
  • remains get covered
  • inorganic material replaces organic
  • 1/1000 species fossilize
27
Q

what is taphonomy

A

study of what happens to plants/animals after death, fossilization

28
Q

what is an example of a relative dating method

A
  • stratigraphy: layers or stratum of earth (order of rock layers) that shows sequence of events
  • relative bc it doesnt tell exactly when
29
Q

what is an absolute (chronometric) dating method

A

how much time has passed since an event

30
Q

what is isotopic dating? what typeof dating method is it?

A
  • using rates of decay to estimate time; half-lives
  • absolute dating method
31
Q

what is potassium-argon dating?
name:
- isotopes
- material for analysis
- half-life
- temporal range (amt of time species existed)

A
  • isotopes: 40K (solid) –> 40Ar (gas)
  • Material for Analysis: volcanic activity is required as it was previously molten rock
  • half-life: 1.3 billion years ago
  • temporal range: origins of earth to 100,000 years ago
32
Q

what is carbon-14 dating?
name:
- isotopes
- material for analysis
- half-life
- temporal range (amt of time species existed)

A
  • isotopes: 14C –> 14N
  • MFA: organic
  • half-life: 5730 years
  • TR: 70,000 to 400 years ago

anthro 2b (6 decks)

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