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Anatomy and Physiology > module 7 integumentary system > Flashcards

module 7 integumentary system Flashcards

(75 cards)

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1
Q

Which organs are included in the integumentary system

A

skin, hair, nails

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2
Q

What is the largest organ in the body

A

skin

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3
Q

What are the 3 layers of the skin

A

epidermis: outer
dermis: middle
hypodermis( subcutaneous)- inner

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4
Q

What do skin cells absorb

A

Ultraviolet light: to produce vitamin D

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5
Q

What does Vitamin D promote

A

bone development

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6
Q

Why does the intugementary system have sensory receptors and glands

A

used to protect skin and underlying tissues

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7
Q

What important role does integumentary system play for internal organs

A

provides protection from extreme temperature chnanges and protects from pathogenic microorganism

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8
Q

What are Merkel’s Cells and Meissner’s Corpuscles

A

mechanoreceptors detect mechanical sensory information of light, touch and vibration

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9
Q

What are Nociceptors

A

detect pain

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10
Q

What are Pacinian corpuscles

A

detect mechanical sensory information for pressure

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11
Q

What are thermoreceptors

A

detect hot and cold

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12
Q

Exocrine glands contain secretions released through a what

A

a duct into an epithelial wall or lining of cavity

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13
Q

Most exocrine glands are what type and where do they secrete

A

multicellular and secrete their contents to the surface of the skin

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14
Q

What are sebaceous glands

A

produce sebum

helps keep skin and hair from drying out and stops growth of harmful bacteria

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15
Q

What are sudoriferous glands

A

sweat glands
extend all the way through dermis to release contents to surface
produce sweat in almost every part of the skin

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16
Q

What is perspiration and function

A

release of sweat

help regulate body temperature through thermoregulation

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17
Q

What is the Epidermis and what is the structure

A

outermost layer of the skin
stratified squamous epithelium: layered and flat
avascular

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18
Q

where does Epidermis receive its nutrients

A

base membrane: basal lamina

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19
Q

What are the 4 layers of the epidermis from superficial to deep

A

stratum corneum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, stratum basale

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20
Q

What are stratum basal cells constantly doing

A

dividing to rebuild skin

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21
Q

what happens as basal cells divide

A

cells are pushed toward external surface until dead and removed
30 days for cell of stratum basal to get to surface of stratum corneum

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22
Q

Why is the superficial layer of skin cells dead

A

due to lack of blood supply

maintain stratum corneum for 2 weeks before falling off

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23
Q

What unique feature does the stratum basal form for each human

A

fingerprints
from epidermal ridges
extend through epidermis

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24
Q

What are melanocytes

A

produce melanin

pigment to aid in protect skin

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25
What are Langerhan cells
first line of defense for body: help identify pathogen before reaches blood stream
26
What are Merkel cells
sensory: respond to light touch
27
What are Keratinocyte
produce keratin
28
what is keratinization- specifically epidermal
go through to protect exposed surface of the skin
29
What do fibroblasts produce
collagen | adheres cells of epidermis to each other and give skin elasticity
30
Which sensory organs are found in the dermis
Meissner Corpuscles and Pacinian corpscles
31
What are the names of the superficial and deep regions of the dermis
superficial: papillary deep: reticular
32
What do both regions of the dermis contain
collagen and elastic fibers: enable skin to stretch and prevent damage
33
What does dermis have a higher concentration of compared to epidermis
water content
34
If a person is dehydrated will he have less or more water in the dermis
less
35
What is a test for dehydration
pinch skin: if bounces back person is hydrated: if it stays bunched then the person is dehydrated
36
What does the reticular region contain
primary blood supply for the skin
37
What is a bruise/contusion
damage to one of blood vessels | blood leak out of vessel into dermis create color of bruise
38
What is the subcutaneous layer mostly comprised of
adipocytes: fat cells
39
What are the 2 layers of the subcutaneous layer
subcutaneous fat | subcutaneous tissue
40
What is the function of the hypodermis
anchor dermis to layer of fat cells
41
What is the function of fat in the skin
insulate the body and regulate body temp
42
What is significant about the thickness of the hypodermis
protects deeper tissue and organs from injury
43
What is a subcutaneous injection
med/vaccine given in a needle reaches the dermis but superficial to muscle absorbed more slowly than if given in a vein
44
What are dermatomes
innervations of skin: specifically different areas by 1 sensory nerve
45
What is the process of sensory signal to the brain
sensory signal from sensory organ sent from skin to spinal nerve through spinal cord then brain for processing
46
What are the different regions and their dermatomes
``` face: CN 5- trigeminal cervical spinal: C1-C5 Thoracic: T1-T12 Lumbar: L1-:L5 Sacral: S1-S5 ```
47
what are the 2 parts of hair
root- begin @ hair bulb- has blood and nerves | shaft: extend through epidermis
48
What is hair made up of
dead epidermal cells, converted to keratin: gives hair stronger texture compared to skin
49
What is found at end of each hair follicle
sebaceous gland: help hydrate hair with oil
50
what is each hair follicle connected to
arrector pili muscle: smooth muscle contracts when body is cold or experiences emotional response
51
Where are hair follicles found
skin surface and susceptible to circulating hormone | ex: armpit, groin, head: change after puberty
52
What is the composition of nails
dead epidermal cells converted to keratin
53
Where are new nail cells converted
@ nail root and pushed toward external surface in nail body
54
What is the nail body
visible portion of nail | covers epidermis region called nail bed
55
What is the nail root
not visible: stratum corneum of epidermis extend from nail root covering visible portion of nail: called cuticle
56
What is lunula
visible portion of nail bed near nail root | typically present shaped: easiest to see is thumb
57
What is the smallest unit of life
cell
58
What is it called when groups of cells come togeher
tissue
59
What are tissues
comprised of cells similar in structure and function
60
What are the 2 main properties of tissues
cells and matrix( extracellular material)
61
What is in matrix
extracellular fluid, protein and collagen
62
What needs to be repaired if skin is damaged
tissue and matrix
63
What structures are involved in tissue repair
blood platelets, mast cells, macrophage, fibroblasts
64
How are blood platelets involved with tissue repair
platelets from broken vessel accumulate in area where tissue damaged and forms clot: secrete substance to prevent blood loss- mesh like
65
How are mast cells involved in tissue repair
release histamine: dilate blood vessels to bring increased blood and nutrients to injured area help initiate local inflammatory response
66
How are Macrophage involved in tissue repair
engulf and destroy disease causing pathogen | once dead and foreign cell gone, body replaces damaged cells
67
How are fibroblasts involved in tissue repair
help secrete new collagen in shape of old tissue
68
What is the final phase of tissue repair
remodeling: tissue matures, cells take on original function
69
if wound is deep what forms
scar= overgrowth of fibrous connective tissue: can't be fully replaced some original function of tissue lost
70
Describe a 1rst degree burn
superficial: only damage epidermis Sx: dry, red, painful, w/o blisters ex: mild sunburn
71
Describe 2nd degree burn
Partial thickness: damage epidermis and part of dermis | burn turns red and forms blisters become painful and swollen
72
Describe 3rd degree burn
full thickness burn: damage epidermis, dermis and possible subcutaneous injured skin looks white "charred" extremely painful
73
Describe 4th degree burn
damage to epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous, underlying tissue/muscle or bone nerve end destroyed: no sensation in affected area
74
What is a skin graft
used to help heal tissue if skin is too severely damaged or burn covers large surface area take healthy skin from own body and grafted on top damaged area
75
How does a skin graft aid in healing
decrease recovery time and prevent infection

Anatomy and Physiology (9 decks)

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