Module 8 Flashcards by Jessica Rocha

Name the 3 layers of the skin from superficial to deep

Epidermis
Dermis
Subcutaneous (hypodermis)

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Pemphigus

an autoimmune attack against the desmosones. (disease)

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Layers of the epidermis from superficial to deep?

Corneum- hornlike 
Lucidum- clear
Granulosum-grainy 
Spinosum- spiny 
Basale- layer from which all other regenerate. 
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Thin Skin

covers everything except the palms, fingertips, and soles of the feet, is about 0.1 mm thick. Lacks a strum lucidum.

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Thick skin

“glabrous” is found on the ventral (palmar) surface of the hands and on the soles of the feet. from 6-45 times as thick as thin skin. thickness is due to spinosum, lucidum and corneum.

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Dead keratinocytes

cell membrane surrounding the protein keratin. make up about 90% of the cells of the epidermis.

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Melanocytes

cells which produce and carry pigment granules that give the skin its color. About 8% of cells are melanocytes

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Langerhans cells

is the skins version of a type of immune cell called dendritic cell which function as phagocytes.

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Merkel disc

a type of nervous system cell that detects light touch.

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Name the two kinds of melanin?

Pheomelanin- which is yellow to red

Eumelanin- which is brown to black

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Name the 3 skin pigments

Melanin
hemoglobin
carotene

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Bilirubin

in some disease such as liver failure the pigment bilirubin accumulates in the skin, giving it a yellow color.

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Jaundice

not a normal skin pigment; the symptom of turning yellow and whites of the eyes is jaundice

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dermis

is the connective tissue layer beneath the epidermis. Mostly collagen and elastic fibers.

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Papillary region of the dermis

1/5 superficial portion of dermis; consists of areolar connective tissue with thin collagen and fine elastic fibers; contains dermal ridges that house blood capillaries, corpuscles of touch and free nerve endings.

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Reticular region of the dermis

4/5 deeper portion of dermis; consists of dense irregular connective tissue with bundles of thick collagen and some coarse elastic fibers. Spaces between fibers contain some adipose cells, hair follicles, nerves, sebaceous glands, and sudoriferous glands.

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Subcutaneous layer of skin

is an areolar connective tissue. This is where adipose tissue (fat) is located.

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Meissner (touch) corpuscles

Light touch

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Merkel (tactile) disks

Light touch

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Free nerve endings

pain and temperature, itch, hair movement.

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Pacinian (lamellated) Corpuscle

Deep pressure vibration

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To produce “goose bumps”, arrector pili (thin skin) muscles are attached to a?

Hair folicle

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The primary protein found in deal epithelial skin cells is called?

Keratin

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The dermal layer contains blood vessels, nerves, ____ and glands.

Hair folicle

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____ is the result of an autoimmune attack on desmosomal and hemidesmosomal proteins.

Pemphigus

Keratinized, stratified squamous epithelial is describing which layer of the skin?

Epidermus

Where is the stratum corneum in relation to the other skin layers?

Superficial

Melanoma is a dangerous form of?

Skin cancer

Which layer of the epidermis is continually undergoing mitosis?

Stratum basal

Thick skin features an additional epidermal layer called the?

Lucidum (palms of hands and soles of feet)

A first-degree burn only involves the?

Epidermis

Langerhans cells in the epidermis function as?

phagocyte cells (immune defense)

Merkel cells are ___ receptors of the epidermis

Light touch (epidermis of skin)

Keratin along with lamellar granules in keratinocytes ___ the skin.

Water-proofing

Individuals with little or no ___ are at greater risk for skin cancer.

Melanin

The main function of the epidermis is

Protection

Melanocytes can produce two types of melanin called ___ and ___.

Pneomelanin and Eumelanin

The pink coloration of the skin is due to circulating?

Hemoglobin

___ fibers provide tensile strength to the dermis.

collagen (elastic fibers)

Ink that only penetrates the ___ will fade quickly.

Epidermis

Fingerprints arise from the ___ region of the dermis.

Papillary

Pressure sores are also known as ___ ulcers.

Decubidus ulcers

The ___ region of the dermis contains nerves, blood vessels, hair roots, and glands.

Reticular

Enterococcus and Staphylococcus are common bacterial organisms associated with dead, sloughing off skin cells called?

Squamous

The epidermis gets its nutrients from the ____ loops in the papillary region.

Capillary

Conservation of heat is primarily accomplished by ___ in the dermis.

Constriction

The purpose of vasodilation in dermal blood vessels is to?

get ride of dicipate.

The ___ layer attaches the skin to underlying tissues.

Subcutaneous

Adipose tissue exists in large quantities in the ___ layer.

Subcutaneous (areolar connective tissue)

____% of the body surface has been burned if the anterior surfaces of both legs are affected.

The pacinian (lamellated) corpuscles found deep in the dermis detect?

deep touch & vibration (slippage)

Pain, cold, and warm stimuli are all detected by?

3 nerve endings.

Odorant chemicals produced by apocrine sweat glands are called?

Pheromones

Sebaceous glands are a compound, ____ (berry shaped) glands connected to a hair follicle.

Acenar

Because they have ducts, eccrine and apocrine glands are both ____ glands.

Sweat

___ glands are coiled tubular glands found on all skin surfaces.

Eccrine

Thermoregulation is managed by ___, ___, and ___.

asoconstric, vasdialte and sweat.

Rapidly dividing cells are found in the ___ and ___ matrices.

Hair and nail

The medulla, cortex, cuticle are all part of the hair root and the hair ___?

shaft

The fetal skin develops from the embryonic layer of the tissue called the ___? (4th week)

Ectodem

Thermoregulation changes with age because of the redistribution of the ____ layer.

subcutaneous

The stratum ___ is the skin later responsible for filling superficial wounds.

Basale

Deep wounds extend into the epidermis and the ___.

dermis

____ are activated to produce collagen and form scar tissue.

Fibroblasts

The skin turning pink or red is an indicator of the vaso-___.

dialation

The palms, fingertips, and soles of the feet are considered to be ___ skin.

Thick

A second-degree burn involves the epidermis and ____.

Dermis

A burn that involves loss of function, both layers of the skin, and even the subcutaneous layer is a ____ burn.

Third-degree

Adipocytes are found in large quantities in the ___ layer.

Subcutaneous

What are the 2 types of Sudoiforous (sweat) glands?

Eccrine-used to cool skin and restore homeostasis | Apocrine- associated with the hair shaft, more viscous secretion than eccrine sweat glands.