Module7

Question 1

What are the two types of ocean cargo services?

Answer 1

Liner Service: Operates on a regular schedule between specific ports.
Tramp Service: Does not have a fixed schedule and is available for charter.

Question 2

What is a Panamax vessel?

Answer 2

A ship of the maximum size that can pass through the Panama Canal: 110 feet wide and 1000 feet long.

Question 3

What are the types of ocean cargo?

Answer 3

• Wet bulk: Liquid cargo (e.g., oil).
• Dry bulk: Dry cargo that takes the shape of the ship’s hold (e.g., grain).
• Breakbulk: Packaged but not containerised cargo (e.g., vehicles).
• Containers: Cargo in standardised metallic containers.

Question 4

What does the term ‘Flag of Convenience’ mean?

Answer 4

Refers to registering a ship in a country with low costs and minimal regulations (e.g., Panama, Liberia).

Question 5

What are the environmental implications of cabotage?

Answer 5

Cabotage improves economic efficiency by reducing empty truck runs but can increase CO₂ emissions due to longer routes.