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From Flashcardlet > Molecular Genetics and DNA SG > Flashcards

Molecular Genetics and DNA SG Flashcards

0
Q

What is result of DNA replication?

A

2 DNA molecules with one strand of the original double strand existing in each if the new double strands (semiconservative).

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1
Q

What are the components of DNA?

A

5 carbon sugar (deoxyribose), phosphate, and one of the four of the nitrogenous bases

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2
Q

What is involved in DNA replication (where does it happen both in the cell and the cell cycle)?

A

Requires ligase, polymerase, helicase, and topoisomerase. In the nucleus during the S phase of the cell cycle.

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3
Q

What is double stranded?

A

DNA

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4
Q

What is single stranded?

A

RNA

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5
Q

Name of the 5-C sugar in DNA.

A

Deoxyribose

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6
Q

Name of the 5-C sugar in RNA.

A

Ribose

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7
Q

Nitrogenous bases in DNA.

A

ATCG

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8
Q

Nitrogenous bases in RNA.

A

AUCG

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9
Q

What is the location of DNA in the cell?

A

Nucleus

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10
Q

What is the location of RNA in the cell?

A

Nucleus and ribosome

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11
Q

What is a codon?

A

3 consecutive nucleotides on mRNA

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12
Q

How many base pairs are in a codon?

A

3

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13
Q

What is an anticodon?

A

tRNA made of 3 nucleotides that carry an amino acid to the ribosomes

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14
Q

Where does transcription take place?

A

Nucleus

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15
Q

What is involved (what happens) in transcription?

A

mRNA is made from DNA

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16
Q

What is the purpose of transcription?

A

mRNA is made from DNA

17
Q

What is translation?

A

Assembling proteins by bringing amino acids to the ribosomes using the code from mRNA to match the tRNA anticodon; making proteins

18
Q

Where does translation take place?

A

Ribosomes

19
Q

What is purpose of translation?

A

To make proteins

20
Q

Define mutation.

A

Any change in the sequence of DNA

21
Q

How does DNA code for proteins (GO from DNA to proteins)?

A

DNA to mRNA to tRNA to amino acids

22
Q

Mutation with one nucleotide substitution

A

Point mutation

23
Q

Insertion or deletion that shifts the entire reading frame of the gene

A

Frame shift mutation

24
Q

Affects all or parts of a chromosome

A

Chromosomal mutation

25
Q

Parts added to DNA

A

Insertion

26
Q

DNA in reverse order

A

Inversion

27
Q

Parts deleted in DNA

A

Deletion

28
Q

Portions misplaced in DNA

A

Translocation

29
Q

How is crossing over involved in recombinant DNA?

A

Pairs of homologous chromosomes fail to separate in meiosis

30
Q

Describe and give genetic causes if Down’s syndrome.

A

Trisomy 21

31
Q

Describe and given the genetic causes for sickle cell anemia.

A

Point mutation

32
Q

Define karyotype.

A

A picture if chromosomes used to determine sex and any abnormalities

33
Q

What pairs of chromosomes are autosomes?

A

1-22

34
Q

What number chromosome is sex chromosomes?

A

23

35
Q

What is the term given to 3 chromosomes on a pair?

A

Trisomy

36
Q

What is DNA and RNA polymerase?

A

Primary enzymes used during DNA replication and transcription to add nucleotides to newly synthesizing strands of either DNA or RNA.

37
Q

What is Cystic Fibrosis?

A

Respiratory illness resulting in mass secretions and build up of mucus affecting the respiratory and digestive tract

38
Q

What is hemophilia?

A

Blood disorder due to a point mutation resulting in misshapen (crescent shaped) red blood cells that impact oxygen diffusion and transport.

39
Q

Define bacteriophage.

A

Viruses that infect bacteria

40
Q

What is gene therapy?

A

The replacement of a defective or missing gene or the addition of a new gene into a person’s genome to treat a diseases.

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