monera

Question 1

what term describes how bacteria reproduce asexually

Answer 1

binary fission

Question 2

give two factor that affects the growth of bacteria

Answer 2

temperature, pH

Question 3

name any one harmful bacteria

Answer 3

streptococcus

Question 4

name the three types of shapes of bacteria

Answer 4

-rod
-spherical
-spiral

Question 5

describe in detail the steps invloved in bacterial asexual reproduction

Answer 5

-diagram
-dna fully replicates the cell elongates chromosomes separate
-the cell wall grows to divide into two cells
-two identical daughter cells form

Question 6

explain the term pathogenic

Answer 6

disease causing

Question 7

give one example of beneficial bacteria

Answer 7

lactobacillus

Question 8

what is meant by the term autotrophic

Answer 8

make food by themselves

Question 9

explain why photosynthesis is an anabolic reaction

Answer 9

photosynthesis requires input of energy

Question 10

describe the main events of endospore formation

Answer 10

-unfavourable conditions: DNA and plasmid replicated
-endospore is former around replicated DNA
-endospore is released following bacterial death
-favourable conditions

Question 11

give two examples of harmful bacteria

Answer 11

streptococcus, staphlococcus

Question 12

what is an antibiotic

Answer 12

chemical produced by micro organsims to kill another micro organism

Question 13

state one possible reason why antibiotic resistance has arisen in bacteria

Answer 13

overuse

Question 14

how does temperature affect growth of microorganisms

Answer 14

optimum 20C and 30C - slow growth

Question 15

how does pH affect growth of micro-organism

Answer 15

unsituiable pH = enzyme denatured, ideal pH 7

Question 16

explain the term batch

Answer 16

organisms go through all stages of the growth curve

Question 17

explain the term continuous flow

Answer 17

organisms maintained at the log stage of growth

Question 18

name each of the stages of the growth curve in order

Answer 18

-lag phase
-log phase
-stationary phase
-death phase
-survival phase

Question 19

explain the term antibiotic resistant

Answer 19

bacteria are not affected by antibiotics

Question 20

explain batch food processing

Answer 20

-carried out in bioreactor
-certain amount of microorganims
-organisms go through all phases of the growth curve

Question 21

give one examplee of a beneficial effect on bacteria

Answer 21

decomposition

Question 22

give one example of a harmful effect of bacteria

Answer 22

food decay

Question 23

explain why overuse of antibiotics is potentially dangerous

Answer 23

development of resistant bacteria

Question 24

how do certain bacteria survive when environmental conditions become unfavourable

Answer 24

form an endospore

Question 25

give a detailed explanation - antibiotics should not be prescribed to directly treat inflenza

Answer 25

antibiotics are not effects against viruses(influenza)

Question 26

explain the term saprophyte

Answer 26

feed on dead sources

Question 27

explain the term heterotroph

Answer 27

take in food from other organisms

Question 28

explain the term asepsis

Answer 28

free of pathogens

Question 29

explain the term bioprocessing

Answer 29

using microorganisms to form products

Question 30

explain the term bioreactor

Answer 30

vessel in which bioprocessing occurs

Question 31

explain th term sterility

Answer 31

free of organisms

Question 32

under what circumstances does a bacterial cell form an endospore

Answer 32

harsh conditions

Question 33

name two types of heterotrophic nutrition used by bacteria

Answer 33

saprophytic, parasitic

Question 34

explain the term antibodies

Answer 34

produced by white blood cells

Question 35

explain the term active immunity

Answer 35

antibodies produced in the body

Question 36

explain the term passive immunity

Answer 36

antibodies given