monoclonal antibodies

Question 1

how are they made
produced from a si…. group of gen……… id…… .. cells

Answer 1

single
genetically identical
b

Question 2

they are very specific because their bi….. sites have a unique t…….. structure that is complementary to only … antigen
they can be made to bind to any an…..
they can range from ce… to vi…..

Answer 2

binding
tertiary
one
antigen
cells to viruses

Question 3

how are they used

Answer 3

target medication to specific cell types

Question 4

how are they used for cancer cells
mo……… anti……. are produced that are spec…. to recep…. on c….. cells
anti….. attach to the surface of cancer cells and b…. ch….. signals that sti…… their uncon……. grow..
this is also known as direct mono…… anti…. therepy

Answer 4

monoclonal antibodies
specific
receptors
cencer
antigens
block chemical
stimulate
uncontrolled growth
monoclonal antibody

Question 5

how are they used in radioactive/ cytoxic drug
can be attachted to mono…… antib……..
when they attach to cancer cells the cells are des……… by the drugs
this is also known as in…… mono……. anti…. thep….

Answer 5

monoclonal antibody
destroyed
indirect monoclonal antibody therepy

Question 6

they can be used for diagnosing prostate cancer
men who have this cancer produce a specific pro…… called pos…. sp……. anti….. (P..)
the indicated of this is high levels of P.. in b…
possible to meausure the levels of P.. in blood sample by using m……… ant…….. that interact with P.. specifically

Answer 6

protien
prostate specific antigen
PSA
PSA
blood
PSA
monoclonal antibodies
PSA

Question 7

advantages of monoclonal antibodies
treatments arn’t t…..
highly sp….. so only target a specific type of c…
therefore fewer s… e……
smaller do… needed to be effective as they are so highly spec…..

Answer 7

toxic
specific
cell
side effects
doses
specific

Question 8

ethical issues
vac……. are treated on an…… before testing on hu…. trails
decidimg who gets vac….. first (in case of epide….)
animals (mice) used to produce the cells from which mon……… antibodies are produced
here cancer is deliberatly induced in the animal so that it produces t….. cells cauimg it to su….

Answer 8

vaccines
animals
humans
vacciens
epidemic
monoclonal
tumour
suffer