Morphology

Question 1

What is morphology?

Answer 1

Subdiscipline of linguistics concerned with word and word structure

Question 2

Free Form

Answer 2

An element that does not need to occupy a fixed position

Question 3

Morphemes

Answer 3

Smallest units of meaning in language

Question 4

What kinds of information can morphemes carry?

3 Answers

Answer 4

1. Semantic
2. Structural
3. Syntactic

Question 5

Simple Words

Answer 5

Have only one morpheme in them

Question 6

Complex Words

Answer 6

Have more than one morpheme in them

Question 7

Free Morphemes

Answer 7

Can stand alone as simple words

Question 8

Bound Morpheme

Answer 8

Cannot be used as simple words

Question 9

Allomorphs

Answer 9

Conditioned variants to morphemes

Question 10

Roots

Answer 10

Carry the major component of the word’s meaning

Question 11

4 Lexical Categories

Answer 11

1. Nouns (N)
2. Verbs (V)
3. Adjectives (A)
4. Preposition (P)

Question 12

Affixes

Answer 12

Are always bound

Question 13

Bases

Answer 13

Forms to which affixes are attached

Question 14

Prefix

Answer 14

An affix that attaches to the left edge of its base

prefix - base

Question 15

Suffix

Answer 15

An affix that attaches to the right edge of its base

base - suffix

Question 16

Infix

Answer 16

An affix that goes inside tis base

ba - infix - se

Question 17

Derivational Affixes

Answer 17

Additional meaning to the word; can change lexical category

Question 18

Inflectional Affixes

Answer 18

Brings grammatical meaning to the word; never changes the lexical category

Question 19

Derivation vs Inflection

3 criteria

Answer 19

1. Category Change
2. Order
3. Productivity

Question 20

Inflectional Morphology

Answer 20

Used to mark structural or grammatical information in words

Question 21

Affixation

Answer 21

Most common type of inflection

• s (plural)
• ed (past)

Question 22

Internal Change

Answer 22

One non-morphemic element is exchanged for another to mark inflection
Morpheme inserted

Question 23

Ablaut

Answer 23

Vowel changes that mark inflection

Change made within morpheme

Question 24

Non-concatentive Morphology

Answer 24

Morphemes that are not arranged in a linear sequence

Question 25

Suppletion

Answer 25

Replacement of one morpheme with an entirely different one in order to mark inflection

Question 26

Opaque

Answer 26

Relationship between the inflected form and uninflected form

Question 27

Reduplication

Answer 27

Involves copying a portion of the base to create an affix

Question 28

Full Duplication

Answer 28

The full base is copied

Question 29

Partial Reduplication

Answer 29

Only part of the base is copied

Question 30

Tone Placement

Answer 30

Tone languages change tone to mark inflection

Question 31

Compounding

Answer 31

Another technique for building new words

Question 32

Endocentric Compounds

Answer 32

Make use of regular or irregular inflectional morphology, depending on the head

Question 33

Exocentric Compounds

Answer 33

Only use regular inflectional morphology

Question 34

Clitics

Answer 34

Morphemes that are like words in their meaning and function but cannot stand alone - must attach to a host

Question 35

Enclitics

Answer 35

Clitics that attach to the end of a host

Question 36

Proclitics

Answer 36

Clitics that attach to the beginning of the host

Question 37

Conversion

Answer 37

Process that changes the lexical category without adding any affixes Zero Derivation

Question 38

Clipping / Truncation

Answer 38

Involves deleting one or more syllables from a word

Question 39

Blends

Answer 39

Created by combing non-morphemic bits of words

Question 40

Backformation

Answer 40

A new word is created by removing what is assumed to be an affix

Question 41

Acronyms

Answer 41

Formed by taking the initial letter or some or all of the words in a phrase and putting them together to form a word

Question 42

Abbreviation

Answer 42

Letter are put together as if a word, but are spelt out

Question 43

Onomatopoeia

Answer 43

Creating word by approximating some sound associated with what is being named

Question 44

Coinage / Word Manufacture

Answer 44

Creating words from scratch

Question 45

3 Allomorphs of the Plural Morpheme in English

Answer 45

1. [-əz] 2. [-s] 3. [-z]

Question 46

[-əz]

Answer 46

Always occurs after sibilants

Question 47

[-s]

Answer 47

Always occurs after non-sibilant voiceless obstruents

Question 48

[-z]

Answer 48

Always occurs after vowels and voiced non-sibilant consonants