motivation and emotion

Question 1

the state in which an organism experiences an inducement
or incentive to do something

Answer 1

Motivation

Question 2

a hypothetical state
within an organism that propels the
organism toward a goal

Answer 2

Motive

Question 3

A state of deprivation

Answer 3

Need

Question 4

a condition of arousal in an organism that is associated with a
need

Answer 4

Drive

Question 5

an object, person, or situation perceived as capable of satisfying a need or as desirable for its own sake

Answer 5

Incentive

Question 6

involving an inherited disposition to activate specific behavior patterns that enable an organism to reach specific goals

Answer 6

Instinct

Question 7

the view that organisms learn to engage in behaviors that have the effect of reducing drives

Answer 7

drive-reduction theory

Question 8

the tendency of the body to maintain a steady state

Answer 8

homeostasis

Question 9

according to Maslow and other humanistic
psychologists, self-initiated striving to
become what one is capable of being

Answer 9

self-actualization

Question 10

Maslow’s ordering of needs from most basic (physiological needs such as hunger and thirst) to most elaborate and sophisticated (self-actualization)

Answer 10

hierarchy of needs

Question 11

The state of being satisfied; fullness

Answer 11

satiety

Question 12

a central area on the
underside of the hypothalamus that
appears to function as a stop-eating
center

Answer 12

ventromedial nucleus (VMN)

Question 13

Characterized by excessive eating

Answer 13

hyperphagic

Question 14

an area at the side of the hypothalamus that appears to function as a start-eating center

Answer 14

lateral hypothalamus

Question 15

Characterized by under-eating

Answer 15

Aphagic

Question 16

a lifethreatening eating disorder characterized by dramatic weight loss and a distorted body image

Answer 16

Anorexia Nervosa

Question 17

Female Athelete Triad

Answer 17

-Low Energy
-Menstrual Problems
-Loss of bone density

Question 18

an eating
disorder characterized by repeated
cycles of binge eating and purging

Answer 18

Bulimia Nervosa

Question 19

the arousal producing effects of sex hormones that increase the likelihood of sexual behavior

Answer 19

Activating effect

Question 20

the periodic sexual excitement of many female mammals as governed by levels of sex hormones

Answer 20

Estrus

Question 21

Masters and Johnson’s model of
sexual response, which consists of
four stages or phases: excitement,
plateau, orgasm, and resolution

Answer 21

Sexual response cycle

Question 22

engorgement of blood vessels with blood, which
swells the genitals and breasts during
sexual arousal

Answer 22

Vasocongestion

Question 23

Muscle tension

Answer 23

Myotonia

Question 24

the first
phase of the sexual response cycle,
which is characterized by muscle
tension, increases in the heart rate,
and erection in the male and vaginal
lubrication in the female

Answer 24

Excitement phase

Question 25

the second phase of the sexual response cycle, which is characterized by increases in vasocongestion, muscle tension, heart rate, and blood pressure in preparation for orgasm

Answer 25

Plateau Phase

Question 26

the process of propelling seminal fluid (semen) from the penis

Answer 26

Ejaculation

Question 27

the height or climax of sexual excitement, involving involuntary muscle contractions, release of sexual tensions, and usually, subjective feelings of pleasure

Answer 27

Orgasm

Question 28

the fourth phase of the sexual response cycle, during which the body gradually returns to its pre-aroused state

Answer 28

Resolution phase

Question 29

in the sexual response cycle, a period of time following orgasm during which an individual is not responsive to sexual stimulation

Answer 29

Refractory Period

Question 30

a person who fights for the rights of lesbians, gay males, bisexuals, and transgendered people

Answer 30

LGBTQIA+ Activist

Question 31

a person who is erotically attracted to both females and males; and more

Answer 31

Bisexual

Question 32

referring to people who are sexually aroused by, and interested in forming romantic relationships with, people of the same gender

Answer 32

Homosexual

Question 33

a male homosexual

Answer 33

Gay

Question 34

A female homosexual

Answer 34

Lesbian

Question 35

referring to people who are sexually aroused by, and interested in forming romantic relationships with, people of the other gender

Answer 35

Heterosexual

Question 36

one’s psychological sense of being female, male, or somewhere in between

Answer 36

Gender Identity

Question 37

a state of feeling that has cognitive, physiological, and behavioral components

Answer 37

Emotion

Question 38

the branch of the autonomic nervous system that is most active during processes that spend body energy from stored reserves, such as in a fight-or-flight reaction to a predator or when you are anxious about a big test

Answer 38

sympathetic nervous system

Question 39

the branch of the autonomic nervous system that is most active during processes that restore reserves of energy to the body, such as relaxing and eating

Answer 39

parasympathetic nervous system

Question 40

the field of psychology that is about personal well-being and satisfaction; joy, sensual pleasure, and happiness; and optimism and hope for the future

Answer 40

Positive Psychology

Question 41

the view that stereotypical facial expressions can contribute to stereotypical emotions

Answer 41

facial-feedback hypothesis