Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

Question 1

paying attention to information, representing it mentally, reasoning about it, and making judgments and decisions
about it.

Answer 1

Thinking

Question 2

refers to conscious, planned attempts
to make sense of and change the world

Answer 2

Thinking

Question 3

a mental category that
is used to class together objects,
relations, events, abstractions, ideas,
or qualities that have common
properties

Answer 3

concept

Question 4

mental activity involved
in understanding, processing, and
communicating information

Answer 4

Cognition

Question 5

a concept of a
category of objects or events that
serves as a good example of the
category

Answer 5

Prototype

Question 6

A specific example

Answer 6

Exemplar

Question 7

a systematic
procedure for solving a problem that
works invariably when it is correctly
applied

Answer 7

Algorithm

Question 8

an algorithm for solving problems in
which each possible solution is tested
according to a particular set of rules

Answer 8

Systematic random search

Question 9

rules of thumb that helps us simplify and solve problems

Answer 9

heuristics

Question 10

a
heuristic device in which we try to
solve a problem by evaluating the
difference between the current
situation and the goal

Answer 10

Means-end analysis

Question 11

a partial similarity among things that are different in other ways

Answer 11

Analogy

Question 12

sometimes people use shortcuts to “jump to conclusions”—and these are often correct conclusions.

Answer 12

Heuristics

Question 13

the tendency to respond to a new
problem with an approach that was successfully
used with similar problems

Answer 13

Mental set

Question 14

in Gestalt psychology, a sudden
perception of relationships a mong elements of the
mentally represented elements of a problem that
permits its solution

Answer 14

Insight

Question 15

in problem solving, a process that
may sometimes occur when we stand back from
a frustrating problem for a while and the solution
“suddenly” appears

Answer 15

Incubation

Question 16

the tendency to view
an object in terms of its name or familiar usage

Answer 16

Functional fixedness

Question 17

a decision-making
heuristic in which people make
judgments about samples according
to the populations they appear to
represent

Answer 17

Representativeness heuristic

Question 18

a decision-making heuristic in which
our estimates of frequency or
probability of events are based on
how easy it is to find examples

Answer 18

Availability Heuristic

Question 19

a decision-making
heuristic in which a presumption or
first estimate serves as a cognitive
anchor; as we receive additional
information, we make adjustments
but tend to remain in the proximity of
the anchor

Answer 19

Anchoring and adjustment heuristic

Question 20

the influence
of wording, or the context in which
information is presented, on decision
making

Answer 20

framing effect

Question 21

the communication
of information by means of symbols
arranged according to rules of
grammar

Answer 21

Language

Question 22

the quality of
language in which words are used as
symbols for objects, events, or ideas

Answer 22

Semanticity

Question 23

the capacity to combine words into original sentence

Answer 23

infinite creativity

Question 24

the quality of
language that permits one to
communicate information about objects
and events in another time and place

Answer 24

Displacement

Question 25

the view that language structures the way we view the world

Answer 25

linguistic-relativity hypothesis

Question 26

a single word used to express complex meanings

Answer 26

holophrase

Question 27

the application of regular grammatical rules for forming inflections (e.g., past tense and plurals) to irregular verbs and nouns

Answer 27

overregularization

Question 28

the view that language learning involves an interaction between environmental factors and an inborn tendency to acquire language

Answer 28

psycholinguistic theory

Question 29

in psycholinguistic theory, neural “prewiring” that facilitates the child’s learning of grammar

Answer 29

language acquisition device (LAD)

Question 30

a general mental capability that involves the ability to reason, plan, solve problems, think abstractly, comprehend complex ideas, learn quickly, and learn from experience

Answer 30

Intelligence

Question 31

Spearman’s symbol for general intelligence, which he believed underlay more specific abilities

Answer 31

g

Question 32

Spearman’s symbol for specific factors, or s factors, which he believed accounted for individual abilities

Answer 32

s

Question 33

according to Thurstone, the basic abilities that make up intelligence examples include word fluency and numerical ability

Answer 33

primary mental abilities

Question 34

the ability to generate novel and useful solutions to problems

Answer 34

creativity

Question 35

a thought process that narrows in on the single best solution to a problem

Answer 35

convergent thinking

Question 36

a thought process that attempts to generate multiple solutions to problems

Answer 36

divergent thinking

Question 37

the accumulated months of credit that a person earns on the Stanford–Binet Intelligence Scale

Answer 37

Mental age (MA)

Question 38

(ad( originally, a ratio obtained by dividing a child’s score (or mental age) on an intelligence test by chronological age. (b) generally, a score on an intelligence test

Answer 38

intelligence quotient (IQ)

Question 39

the degree to which the variations in a trait from one person to another can be attributed to, or explained by, genetic factors

Answer 39

heritability

Question 40

environmental influences on intelligence

Answer 40

The home environment education The flynn effect

Question 41

Best example of the concept is where it`s based on

Answer 41

Prototype

Question 42

Show the example

Answer 42

Exemplars

Question 43

Problem solving strategies

Answer 43

-Algorithm -Heuristics -Analogy -Means end analysis

Question 44

Formulas, Step by steps

Answer 44

Algorithm

Question 45

-mental shortcuts -solving as much as you can -This strategy is not accurate

Answer 45

Heuristics

Question 46

Partial similarity to previous problem that we apply again

Answer 46

Analogy

Question 47

Identification

Answer 47

recall

Question 48

Multiple choice

Answer 48

Recognition

Question 49

-repressing traumatic memory

Answer 49

Dissociative Amnesia

Question 50

-amnesia that you cant form new memories

Answer 50

Anterograde Amnesia

Question 51

-Amnesia wher eyou cant recall memories that were formed before the event that cause the amnesia

Answer 51

Retrograde Amnesia

Question 52

Is automatic, therefore youre not thinking

Answer 52

Daydreaming

Question 53

Factors of Problem solving

Answer 53

-Expertise -Mental Set -Incubation -Functional Fixedness

Question 54

-Knowledge in a particular field

Answer 54

Expertise

Question 55

The brain's tendency to stick with the most familiar solution to a problem and stubornly ignore alternatives

Answer 55

Mental Set

Question 56

The unconscious processing of problems.

Answer 56

Incubation

Question 57

-Cognitive bias that impacts an individual`s ability to be creative or innovative

Answer 57

Functional Fixedness

Question 58

Judgement and Decision making (3 types of Heuristic)

Answer 58

Representative Heuristic Availability Heuristic Anchoring and Adjustment Heuristic

Question 59

Mental shortcut that we use when estimating probabilities

Answer 59

Representative heuristic

Question 60

A mental shortcut that relies on immediate examples that come to a given person`s mind when evaluating a specific topic, concept, method or decision.

Answer 60

Availability Heuristic

Question 61

A mental short cut that a person uses a specific target number or value as a starting point and subsequently adjust that information until an acceptable value is reached over time

Answer 61

Anchoring and Adjustment

Question 62

A statistical technique that relates a dependent variable to one or more independent variable

Answer 62

Regression

Question 63

a particular challenging type of personality disorder characterised by impulsive, irresponsible and often crimical behaviour -manipulative, deceitful and reckles, and will not care for other people's feelings (lack emphathy)

Answer 63

Anti Social Anxiety disorder

Question 64

System of Symbols

Answer 64

Language

Question 65

-To comprehend with the world -To be adaptive -ability to make sense -ability to cope up with challenges -Ability to learn from experiences

Answer 65

Intelligence

Question 66

-Intelligence quotient -Comprehend adaptive -Covert

Answer 66

IQ

Question 67

IQ Tests

Answer 67

WAIS (Wechsler adult intelligence scale) SBIS (Standford Binet Intelligence Scale)

Question 68

-Concrete knowledge that you can apply and use -you can already use -you already aquired

Answer 68

Crystalized Intelligence

Question 69

-Potentials -ability to aquire new knowledge

Answer 69

Fluid Intelligence

Question 70

Different tests

Answer 70

Amptitude Test Achievement Test

Question 71

-For fluid -Predicting you will exel in a certain field

Answer 71

Amptitude Test

Question 72

-Meant to meassure your General knowledge in a specific field, things you already know -For Crystalized intelligence ex. Mid term exam/ Final exam

Answer 72

Achievement Test

Question 73

Has an umbrella term (cognitice decline) your IQ wont be no longer reliable

Answer 73

Dementia