Genetics and evolutionary foundations of behavior Flashcards by Sofia Chrisel Villareal

How much do human’s genes match Chimpanzees

98.8%

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-Psychological structure
-traits/Tendency
-Influence behavior, not directly but indirectly

Genes

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-anywhere its the same

Specietypical

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-information
-have gene segment
-affect development

DNA

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-a change to gene’s DNA sequence to produce something different
-A mistake

Genetic Mutation

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-with high hormones, gives more stress
-usually found in coffee

Cortisol

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-to modification on as a result of changed life circumstance

Adaption

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-refers to the set of genes that the individual inheritsSGe

Genotype

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-the observable properties of the body and behavioral trait

Phenotype

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-environment effect to genes
-gene regulating activity that doesn’t involve changes to the DNA code and that can persist through one or more generation
-We inherit from our parents not only DNA

Epigenetics

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-many genes are needed behavior traits
-One gene is not enough

Polygenic

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-Have different level of spectrum
-Ex. Depression

Continous

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-very specific
-in or you’re out

Categorial

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Genetics can be distinguish between

-Coding genes
-Regulatory genes

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-codes for unique protein molecules

Coding genes

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-Help activates or suppress specific coding genes and thereby influence the body’s development

Regulatory Genes

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-does not alter the protein with a gene will produce but rather influences whether the genes will produce the protein at all

DNA Mythelation

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-do not produce their proteins that is they are “shut off”

Mythelated genes

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-occurs in sexual reproduction

Reshuffling of genes

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-errors that occasionally and unpredictably occur during DNA replication, causing the “replica “ to be not quite identical to the original

Mutations

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-Natural theologian

William Paley

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-Evolution
-Natural selection

Charles Darwin

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-Selfish Gene
-Blind watchmaker

Richard Dawkins

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-the long-term adaptive process spanning generations that equips species for life in its ever changing natural habitat

Evolution

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-Variation due to chance alone without selection

Genetic drift

-has designs with purpose that had been passed around

Ancestral

- 'what ever natural is good'

Natural fallacy

-assumption that genetic influences on our behavior take the form of genetic

Deterministic Fallacy

Genetic variability two main sources

-Reshuffling of genes -Mutations

-some traits that evolved because they served the needs of our ancestors are no longer functional today

Vestigal Characteristics

To survive apes & Monkeys cling onto their mother's fur in evolution, we los our fur so infants cant clinv onto us anymore, however the reflex remain

Grasping reflex

Usefulness

Functionalism

-Explains ultimate cause for a phenomenon in evolutionary sense -what happened 1000 years ago -explains how genetic info. Is passed onto generation

Distal explanation

-what happened seconds ago -biopsychosocial model

Proximate explanation

-similarity in structure

Homology

-dont have common ancestors but similar structure

Analogy

-Has designs with purpose that had been passed around generations -where we came from -what we got to bring

Ancestral evolution

-where we are now

Current evolution

-has to go to development

Biological preparedness

Is limited because of influence

Free will

Ability to control self (is however limited)

Self control or regulation

Looking for a sexual partner

Mating

Different kinds of Mating

-Polygyny -Polyandry -Monogamy -Promiscuity

-male that mates with multiple partner -patriarch

Polygyny

-Female that mates with multiple partner -Monarchy 👑Pol

Polyandry

Only one partner

Monogamy

-group consisting more than both male and female matePr

Promiscuity

How do humans mate?

Monogamous & Polygynous

-Can be found naturally in animals and Humans

Homosexuality

Is naturally presence in mating

Courtship

Gender that is competitive

Male

Gender that is Selective

Female

Gender that have small contribution in reproduction

Male

Gender that have a big contribution in reproduction

Female

Gender that recovers quicker in orgasm

Male

Gender Recovers slowly in orgasm

Female

Gender that cares about quantity

Male

Gender that cares about quality

Female

Gender that values sex than emotion

Males

Gender that values emotion than sex

Female

Gender that gets more affected in sexual infidelity

Male

Gender that gets more affected in emotional infidelity

Female

Gender that looks in body appearance

Males

Gender that looks in more complex traits (Trustworthy, kind, smart etc...) (Bad & Play boy for short term)

Female

-Gives effort but it must be theirs

Parental Uncertainty

-Created sexual jealousy theory

David Buss

-Mate loves someone else

Emotional infidelity

-mate had sex with someone else

Sexual infidelity

-not willing to help when not equal

Injustice

-Will help if certain to be helped back

Reciprocal Theory

Evolutionary psychology brings together two scientific revolutions

John Tooby & Leda Cosmides

-any behavior that increases the survival chance or reproductive capacity of another individual

Helping

-an individual helps another while helping itself

Cooperation

-an individual help another while decreasing its own survival chance or reproductive capacity

Altruism

Developed an Atlas that describes and depicts 6 basic emotional expression

Paul Ekman and Wallace Friesen

6 Basic Emotional expression

-surprise -Fear -disgust -anger -happiness -sadness

-Altruistic cam about through natural selection because it prefer initially helps close relatives, who are genetically most similar to the helper

Kin selection theory

A product of evolution

Human mind

-in this theory acts of apparent altruism can asire even among nonkin

Reciprocity theory

-according to this theory, behaviors that seems to be altruistic are actually forms of long term cooperation

Reciprocity theory

Evolutionary psychology brings together two scientific revolutions

John Tooby & Leda Cosmides

-the set of information processing devices, embodied in neural tissue that is responsible for all conscious and non conscious mental activity that generates all behavior and that regulates the body

Mind

Computational theory of mind

Baysian Computation Model

About prediction

Baysian

Pattern matching

Computation

Predictive coding

Model

Helps activate or suppress specific coding genes and there by influence the body's development

Regulatory genes