Motivational theories Flashcards
(21 cards)
what year was Taylors scientific management theory produced
1911
what is Taylors main idea
he believed money is the main motivator for employees
what are key features of Taylors theory
workers should be given simple repetitive tasks
-managers should closely supervise
-a piece rate system
what are some criticisms of Taylors theory
-treats workers like machines
-ignores social and emotional needs
-can lead to low job satisfaction and high labour turnover
what year was Elton Mayos human relations theory produced
1933
what is Mayos main idea
believed social needs are the key to motivation
what are key features of Mayos theory
workers are motivated by attention, social interaction and relationships, not just pay
what are some criticisms of Mayos theory
-may not apply to all workspaces
-overemphesis on social factors
-doesnt address financial motivators
what year was maslows hierarchy of needs theory produced
1943
what is maslows main idea
people are motivated in stages, starting from basic needs up to self actualisation
what are the levels of maslows theory(bottom to top)
- physiological-food, pay
- safety-job security, safe workspace
- social friendship, team
- esteem-respect, responsibility
- self actualisation- achieving full potential
what are criticisms of maslows theory
not everyone follows the same order of needs
what year was Herzbergs two factor theory produced
1959
what is the main idea of herzbergs theory
two categories influence motivation
what are the two factors and the key features
- Hygiene factors, e.g pay, conditions, these prevent dissatisfaction
2.motivators, e.g achievement, recognition, these create satisfaction
what are criticisms of Herzbergs theory
doesn’t explain individual differences in motivation
what year was Vrooms expectancy theory produced
1964
what is vrooms main idea
people will be motivated if they believe how much individuals want a reward and how likely they believe that they will achieve it
what are the key features of vrooms theory
-Expectancy:the belief that effort will lead to a good performance
-Instrumentality:the belief that good performance will lead to reward
-Valence:the value an individual places on the reward
what is vrooms formula for motivation
Motivation=Expectancy x Instrumentality x Valence
what does the formula imply
it implies that if any of the 3 key features are 0 then motivation will also be 0
