movement disorders

Question 1

pyramidal syndrome

Answer 1

characterized by spasticity and paralysis

Question 2

extrapyramidal syndrome

Answer 2

involuntary movements, rigidity, bradykinesia
disease of basal ganglia

Question 3

basal ganglia constitutes

Answer 3

striatum
putamen
caudate nucleus
substantial nigra
subthalamic nucleus

Question 4

function of basal ganglia

Answer 4

initiation and planning of movements
adjustment of speed and magnitude
automatic implementation
postural stability
regulation of muscle tone

Question 5

classification of MD

Answer 5

hypokinetic
hyperkinetic

Question 6

hypokinetic

Answer 6

Akinetic rigid syndrome
reduction in movement
stiffening
slowing
increase muscle tone
Parkinson’s syndrome

Question 7

classification of hypokinetic MD

Answer 7

degenerative
symptomatic

Question 8

degenerative HMD

Answer 8

idiopathic parkinson’s syndrome
Parkinson plus syndrome
parkinsonism

Question 9

idiopathic Parkinson’s disease

Answer 9

loss of dopaminergic cells
Trap symptoms
often begins asymmetrical
anteflexion posture
freezing phenomenon
gait disturbance
constipation

Question 10

Parkinson plus syndrome

Answer 10

Multiple system atrophy [MSA]
Progressive supranuclear palsy [PSP]
Supranuclear gaze palsy [SGP]
corticobasal degeneration [CBD]
Lewy body dementia [LBD]

Question 11

MSA

Answer 11

Trap plus
substantial nigra
inferior oliva
striatum
pons

Question 12

PSP

Answer 12

akinetic rigid parkinsonism
supranuclear gaze palsy
subcortical type dementia
frequent imbalance
unexplained falls

Question 13

SGP

Answer 13

stone baby phenomenon
vertical gaze restricted
movement of eyes only when head is moved

Question 14

CBD

Answer 14

cerebral cortex plus basal ganglia
asymmetric findings
apraxia
alien hands
myoclonus
frontal type dementia

Question 15

Lewy body dementia

Answer 15

extrapyramidal symptoms plus dementia
visual hallucination
syncopal episodes
sleep disturbances
hypersensitivity

Question 16

hyperkinetic MD

Answer 16

distonia
chorea and ballism
athetosis

Question 17

distonia

Answer 17

involuntary sustained twisting and turning muscle contractions

Question 18

chorea and ballism

Answer 18

arrhythmic fast jerky or flowing movements
chorea=from distal parts with small amplitude
ballism= from proximal part with large amplitude

Question 19

athetosis

Answer 19

slow, continuous writhing like movements

Question 20

Huntington

Answer 20

hereditary neurodegenerative
autosomal dominant
increase in CAG in huntingtin gene

Question 21

tic disorder

Answer 21

an irresistible urge to make movements
short, sudden and non rhythmic

Question 22

myoclonus

Answer 22

sudden, brief, rapid occurring, lighting like movements

Question 23

sleep related movement syndrome

Answer 23

restless leg syndrome
periodic limb movement

Question 24

drug induced movement disorders

Answer 24

acute dystonic
subacute onset
tardive syndrome

Question 25

psychogenic movement disorder

Answer 25

it can mimic any type of movement disorder