SCI

Question 1

how many pairs of spinal nerves

Answer 1

31
8 cervical
12 thoracic
5 lumbar
5 sacral
1 coccygeal

Question 2

causes of SCI

Answer 2

trauma
infection
benign, malign tumor
vascular disorder

Question 2

syringeoma

Answer 2

spinal cord filled with spinal fluid

Question 3

spinal shock

Answer 3

loss of sensory, motor, sympathetic autonomic function due to loss of facilitation from tonic pattern

Question 4

UMNL

Answer 4

lesion of spinal cord
cortical control is lost below lesion

Question 5

LMNL

Answer 5

lesion of cauda equina and peripheral nerve roots
flaccid paralysis

Question 6

tetraplegia/quadriplegia

Answer 6

lesions above T1
also known as incomplete tetraplegia

Question 7

paraplegia

Answer 7

lesion below T1
lesion of cauda equina and conus medullaris

Question 8

Brown Sequard syndrome

Answer 8

-lateral half of spinal cord is injured
-loss of ipsilateral motor vibration and proprioception
-contralateral pain and heat sensation
- stab wounds and cervical hyperextension

Question 9

central cord syndrome

Answer 9

-central part of spinal cord is injured
-often in cervical region
-sacral sensation is preserved
-may be bladder dysfunction

Question 10

cauda equina syndrome

Answer 10

-lesion under L1-L2
-lumbosacral lesion
-there is areflex bladder and flaccid paralysis of intestine and lower extremities
-motor fibers affected
-sensation preserved
-reflexes do not return

Question 11

corticospinal tract

Answer 11

descending motor tract
motor loss same side of the tract

Question 12

spinothalamic tract

Answer 12

ascending sensory ganglia
loss of heat and pain on opposite side
loss start two level lower
cross

Question 13

dorsal column damage

Answer 13

doesn’t cross
carry deep sensation and vibration

Question 14

anterior cord syndrome

Answer 14

damage to corticospinal and spinothalamic tract

Question 15

posterior cord syndrome

Answer 15

impaired coordination of limb movements

Question 16

factors determining functional outcome

Answer 16

neurological level
complete-incomplete injury
other medical problems
age-cardiovascular endurance
motivation

Question 17

c2-3

Answer 17

fully dependent

Question 18

c4

Answer 18

diaphragm preserved, wheelchair control by head and chin

Question 19

c5

Answer 19

can use hand controlled wheelchair

Question 20

c6

Answer 20

can use toilet with special handle

Question 21

c7

Answer 21

independent in transfer- cannot go up and down the ramp

Question 22

c8-T1

Answer 22

independent,bowel,bladder

Question 23

T2-T10

Answer 23

exercise ambulation

Question 24

T11-L2

Answer 24

in home ambulation

Question 25

L3-S3

Answer 25

can be ambulated with orthotics

Question 26

-ve effects of immobilization

Answer 26

musculoskeletal system cardiovascular system and lungs genitourinary and gastrointestinal metabolic and endocrine cognitive and behavioral

Question 27

when is ASIA scale used

Answer 27

right-left sensory scoring complete or incomplete lesion

Question 28

neurological level

Answer 28

motor and sensation are normal

Question 29

motor level

Answer 29

upper segment is normal

Question 30

motor score

Answer 30

100

Question 31

sensory level

Answer 31

most caudal level, needle and light touch are normal

Question 32

sensory score

Answer 32

112+112

Question 33

skeletal level

Answer 33

the most damaged vertebra and radiological examination

Question 34

complete lesion

Answer 34

sensory and motor loss in the lowest sacral segment

Question 35

incomplete lesion

Answer 35

preservation of sensation and/lesion below lesion

Question 36

partial protection area

Answer 36

incomplete injuries, it shows partial innervated dermatomes and/myotomes

Question 37

asia scale

Answer 37

A] complete=no sense or motor in sacral segments [4-5] B] sensory incomplete= sense that extends to sacral region C] motor incomplete=motor force below 3 D] motor incomplete=more than 3 motor forces E] normal

Question 38

SCI disability evaluation scales

Answer 38

-fundamental independent measurement -SCI measurement -walk index for SCI -quadriplegia index for function -modified Barthel index

Question 39

mobilizations

Answer 39

tilt table in bed activities transfer cushion exercises ambulation

Question 40

how does flexor contracture occurs

Answer 40

develops due to increase in flexor reflex activity after SCI but prone position can help

Question 41

partial spinal cord injuries

Answer 41

central cord syndrome [ccs] anterior cord syndrome [acs] brown Sequard syndrome [bss] conus medullaris [cms] cauda equina syndrome [ced]

Question 42

CCS

Answer 42

cervical region more upper limb weakness

Question 43

ACS

Answer 43

altered motor function pain and heat loss

Question 44

BSS

Answer 44

semi-incision and lesion of spinal cord ipsilateral weakness contralateral pain and heat loss

Question 45

CMS conus medularis

Answer 45

injury to sacral cord and lumbar nerves