PNI and REHABILITATION

Question 1

motor [efferent] fibers

Answer 1

they provide voluntary muscle function by transmitting impulses from CNS to skeletal muscle

Question 2

Sensory [afferent] fibers

Answer 2

provide transmission of sensory impulses from the environment to the CNS

Question 3

Autonomic [efferent] fibers

Answer 3

controls trophic functions

Question 4

types of damages

Answer 4

Wallerian degeneration
axonal degeneration
segmental demyelination

Question 5

Wallerian degeneration

Answer 5

due to nerve axon damage and disruption of its integrity
can regenerate if nerve sheath is preserved

Question 6

axonal degeneration

Answer 6

retrograde damage to cell body or axon
can be reversed if no deteriorating of axon integrity

Question 7

segmental demyelination

Answer 7

myelinated fibers are damaged by surrounding schwan cells and/ or myeline sheath without damage to peripheral nerve axon
-complete reversal when the cause is removed

Question 8

Seddon classification

Answer 8

neuropraxia
axonotmesis
neurotmesis

Question 9

Neuropraxia

Answer 9

non degenerative
due to pressure
schwan membrane and axon are intact
partial loss of sensation

Question 10

Axonotmesis

Answer 10

axon distraction
intact schwan membrane
degenerative lesion
motor and sensory impairment

Question 11

neurotmesis

Answer 11

both nerve and schwan cell are devastated
very weak regeneration
there may remain scar tissue

Question 12

degeneration

Answer 12

retrograde degeneration occurs when nerve injured
occurs within 14-21 days

Question 13

neural mechanisms of regeneration

Answer 13

collateral reinnervation
axonal regeneration
reorganization of nervous system

Question 14

lesion of cervical plexus

Answer 14

it innervates deep muscles of the neck
phrenic nerve lesion are common
unilateral lesion=paresis of hemidiaphragm
bilateral= dyspnea

Question 15

lesion of brachial plexus

Answer 15

C5-T1

Question 16

causes of brachial plexus lesion

Answer 16

tumor
accidents
trauma
obstetric
radiation

Question 17

obstetric brachial plexus symptoms and risk factors

Answer 17

loss of strength
reflex changes
atrophy
loss of sensation
high birth weight
birth related

Question 18

Erb’s palsy

Answer 18

occurs in brachial plexus lesion at level C5-6
it has waiters tip hand classical sign

Question 19

klumpkle

Answer 19

lower brachial lesion C8-T1
claw hand and Horne’s syndrome

Question 20

N. Thoracicus longus

Answer 20

injuries due to continuous pressure
S.A paralysis
Scapula Lata can be seen

Question 21

Axillary nerve

Answer 21

weak ER of arm
teres minor and deltoid paralysis
humerus damage

Question 22

radial nerve

Answer 22

Saturday night paralysis
extensor paralysis

Question 23

Medial nerve

Answer 23

lesion of brachial plexus and cervical cord
thenar muscle atrophy
monkey hand deformity
carpal tunnel syndrome
Phalen test

Question 24

ulnar nerve

Answer 24

claw hand
hypothenar atrophy
cubital tunnel syndrome
Tinel test

Question 25

lumbar plexus

Answer 25

deep can be damaged in fracture, dislocation or bullet wounds iliopsoas paralysis

Question 26

Femoral nerve

Answer 26

quadriceps paralysis hard to walk forward anterior thigh atrophy sensory impairment

Question 27

obturator nerve

Answer 27

weak hip add and ER

Question 28

sacral plexus

Answer 28

very rare hip Abd weakness Trendelenburg gait

Question 29

ischial nerve

Answer 29

knee flexion disappear all leg and foot muscles paralysis Achilles and plantar reflex are lost sensory impairment atrophy

Question 30

nerve peroneus communis

Answer 30

drop foot deformity stepping walk

Question 31

tibialis nerve

Answer 31

no plantarflexion and inversion

Question 32

phases of treatment

Answer 32

paralysis recovery

Question 33

peripheral neuropathy common causes

Answer 33

diabetes mellitus in developed countries leprosy in all over the world

Question 34

entrapment neuropathy

Answer 34

compression of peripheral nerves in fibrosseous funnel located at transition point from one segment of the body to another

Question 35

common features of entrapment neuropathy

Answer 35

dysesthesias burning prickling pain subjective feeling of swelling Tinel's findings

Question 36

neuropathic pain

Answer 36

pain due to damage of PNS or CNS occurs spontaneously.

Question 37

about EMG

Answer 37

measure of function of muscles test the speed which nerve carry stimuli determine ability of nerve to send or receive impulse

Question 38

classification of neuropathy

Answer 38

mononeuropathy polyneuropathy multiple mononeuropathy

Question 39

mononeuropathy

Answer 39

carpal tunnel syndrome cubital tunnel syndrome radial nerve entrapment sciatic nerve entrapment peroneal nerve entrapment

Question 40

sciatic nerve entrapment

Answer 40

piriformis syndrome

Question 41

peroneal nerve entrapment

Answer 41

fibular tunnel syndrome steppage walk

Question 42

polyneuropathy

Answer 42

diabetic neuropathy Guillain barre syndrome Charcot Marie tooth disease

Question 43

Guillain Barre syndrome

Answer 43

acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy start at lower extremities sudden and rapid respiratory support is important

Question 44

Charcot Marie tooth disease

Answer 44

peroneal muscles are affected drop foot uneven walking

Question 45

multiple mononeuropathy

Answer 45

two or more nerves are affected separately leprosy Lyme disease pressure sensitivity paralysis

Question 46

sensory training

Answer 46

preventive re-education discriminant retraining

Question 47

hereditary chronic demyelinating polyneuropathy

Answer 47

refrum disease leukodystrophy CMT diseases

Question 48

acquired chronic demyelinating polyneuropathy

Answer 48

chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy multifocal motor neuropathy

Question 49

chronic axonal polyneuropathy

Answer 49

diabetes mellitus nutritional deficiency chronic renal failure drug and toxins use malignant disease axonal form of CMT

Question 50

hyperesthesia desensitization

Answer 50

vibration fabrics immersion in objects massage continuous pressure