Movements of the Hand

Question 1

What are the main 2 carpal bones?

Answer 1

Scaphoid and lunate

Question 2

What makes up the radio-carpal joint

Answer 2

scaphoid lunate and radius all articulating

Question 3

How many carpals do you have?

Answer 3

7

Question 4

What joint is the knuckles?

Answer 4

MCP

Question 5

What movement occurs at the MCP?

Answer 5

flexion extension abduction addiction

Question 6

What joints do you have in the phalanges?

Answer 6

PIP AND DIP

Question 7

What movements occur at the PIP and DIP

Answer 7

flexion and extension

Question 8

What joints are in the thumb?

Answer 8

1 MCP and 1 interphalangeal

Question 9

what does the MCP in the thumb allow

Answer 9

flexion and extension

Question 10

What is the difference between extension of the thumb and abduction?

Answer 10

Abduction thumb goes at right angle towards you but extension goes out laterally

Question 11

What is opposition a combination of?

Answer 11

Flexion abduction and medial rotation

Question 12

What is opposition used for?

Answer 12

Precision and power grips

Question 13

Where do the muscles that move the fingers originate?

Answer 13

intrinsic muscles in hand and extrinsic in forearm

Question 14

where do the flexor and extensor muscles of the digits pass over

Answer 14

the wrist, extrinsic muscles, with tendons going into hand

Question 15

what are the movements in the anterior compartment of the forearm

Answer 15

flexor pronator

Question 16

what are the movements of the posterior compartment in the forearm

Answer 16

extensor suppinator

Question 17

Where do muscles attach on to in the humerus

Answer 17

flexors attach to medial epicondyle whilst extensors attach to lateral epicondyle

Question 18

What are your 4 superficial flexors attaching to the medial epicondyle?

Answer 18

pronator teres
flexor Carpi radialis
palmaris longus
flexor Carpi ulnaris

+ brachioradiis (technically posterior compartment as supplied by radial nerve)

Question 19

what are your flexor muscles which close the hand

Answer 19

deeper flexor muscles
flexor digitorum superficialis

flexor policis longus
flexor digitorum profoundus

Question 20

why do the tendons in the carpal region need to be protected by synovial sheath?

Answer 20

tendons run over carpal region and could rub against them

Question 21

how does a ganglion cyst form

Answer 21

Tendon sheath years so synovial fluid leaks out, plasma can be taken up by lymphatics but GAG end up in cyst

Question 22

what are the tendons of the FFS and FDP covered by and what does this split into?

Answer 22

tendon sheath deep to flexor retinaculum, separate into digital synovial sheaths

Question 23

What is the carpal tunnel? what goes through it?

Answer 23

tunnel formed by carpals at wrist, flexor tendon passes through, flexor retinaculum keeps them in place, 9 tendons pass through, medial nerve passed through innervating flexor muscles under retinaculum to get to muscles at base of thumb and 1st 3 and a half digits on palmar side

Question 24

what joint does the FDS flex?

Answer 24

MCP PIP

Question 25

What does the FDP flex?

Answer 25

MCP PIP DIP

Question 26

what does the flexor policis longus flex

Answer 26

MCP and IP of the thumb

Question 27

What muscles do the intrinsic muscles act on and to do what

Answer 27

close hand, act on thumb - thenar muscles and little finger hypothenar muscles

Question 28

What connects the FDS and the FDP

Answer 28

vincula tendinous strands

Question 29

What is the cause of trigger finger

Answer 29

tendons of FDS and FDP enlarge proximal to tendon sheath so unable to move finger

Question 30

what are the symptoms of trigger finger

Answer 30

unable to extent finger, if extends passively, snap is audible as tendon moves into sheath

Question 31

Which muscles open the hand

Answer 31

extensor muscles extensor digitorum communis extensor indicis extensor digiti minimi

Question 32

What are the extrinsic muscles of the hand? What do they act on

Answer 32

thenar muscles acting on thumb | hypothenar muscles acting on little finger

Question 33

What are the thenar muscles?

Answer 33

A OF A OF A Abductor policis brevis opponens pollicis flexor pollicis brevis

Question 34

What are the hypothenar muscles

Answer 34

A OF A OF A adductor pollicis opponens pollicis abductor pollicis brevis flexor pollicis brevis

Question 35

What are the compartments of the hand?

Answer 35

``` hypothenar thenar central adductor interosseous ```

Question 36

What are the potential spaces in the hand

Answer 36

mid palmar and thenar bounded by fibrous muscle septa

Question 37

What is the cause of dupuyten's contracture

Answer 37

``` fixed flexion contracture of the hand palmar fascia thickens and collagen type 1 changes to type 3 liver cirrhosis over 40 family history men Northern European ```