The Elbow

Question 1

What 3 joints make up the articular capsule?

Answer 1

Humeroulnar
Humeroradial
Proximal radioulnar

Question 2

What is the carrying angle of the elbow?

Answer 2

Allows forearm to clear the hips and is important for carrying objects
women have slightly larger than men as hips as there

Question 3

What condyles make up the elbow? What are other names for them?

Answer 3

Capitulum - little head

Trochlea - pulley

Question 4

What are the epicondyles of the elbow?

Answer 4

Lateral to the condyles - medial and lateral

Question 5

What epicondyle do muscles attach to?

Answer 5

Medial epicondyle as it is larger

Question 6

What is the olecranon process?

Answer 6

The posterior hook shaped process on the elbow

Question 7

What are the 2 collateral ligaments and what are their shape?

Answer 7

ulnar collateral
radial collateral
triangular shape

Question 8

What are the 3 ligaments at the elbow?

Answer 8

ulnar collateral
radial collateral
anular ligament

Question 9

Where is the anular ligament?

Answer 9

encircles the head of the radius and keeps the radius in the radial notch of the ulnar

Question 10

What joint does the anular ligament form?

Answer 10

proximal radio-ulnar joint for pronation and suppination

Question 11

What is a sublaxation?

Answer 11

Incomplete dislocation

Question 12

Why is a sublaxation of the promixal radioulnar joint common in infants

Answer 12

Anular ligament attaches loosely to ulna

Question 13

What muscles are used for flexion of the arm?

Answer 13

Biceps brachii

Question 14

Which muscles are used for flexion of the arm?

Answer 14

Triceps brachii

Question 15

Which muscles are used for pronation?

Answer 15

Pronator teres

Pronator Quadratus

Question 16

Which muscles are used for supination?

Answer 16

Suppinator

biceps brachii

Question 17

How many compartments does the upper arm have?

Answer 17

2 - anterior and posterior

Question 18

What is in the posterior compartment of the upper arm?

Answer 18

Shoulder and elbow extensors

Radial nerve

Question 19

What is in the anterior compartment of the upper arm?

Answer 19

Shoulder and elbow flexors

Musculocutaneous nerve

Question 20

What muscles make up the anterior compartment of the upper arm?

Answer 20

Biceps brachii
Brachialis
Coracobrachialis

Question 21

Which nerve innervates the anterior compartment of the upper arm? What are its spinal roots?

Answer 21

Musculocuteneous nerve

C5, C6, C7

Question 22

What does the biceps reflex test for?

Answer 22

C5 and C6 reflex arcs

Question 23

What is the role of the coracobrachialis?

Answer 23

Flexes and adducts shoulder

Resists dislocation

Question 24

Where is the brachialis?

Answer 24

Distal humerus

Coronoid process of ulna

Question 25

What is the role of the brachialis?

Answer 25

Flexes in all positions - even in pronation and suppination

Question 26

What is the function of the biceps brachii?

Answer 26

Flexor at shoulder and elbow | Powerful supinator

Question 27

Do biceps act in flexion of elbow and why?

Answer 27

brachi attaches to radius so is affected by pronation and supination, tendon of biceps gets wrapped around radius

Question 28

What does the short head of the biceps brachii attach to?

Answer 28

Coracoid process

Question 29

What does the long head of the biceps brachii attach to?

Answer 29

Supraglenoid tubercle just above scapula, is lateral to short

Question 30

When you do swan and flex upper arms which mucles are used and why?

Answer 30

pronation - just brachialis if just flex hand inwards - supination brachialis and biceps brachii biceps brachii is affected by flexion as contacts radius but brachialis is just connecting to ulna so can flex in all directions

Question 31

What muscles are in the posterior compartment of the upper arm?

Answer 31

Triceps | Anconeus

Question 32

WHat nerve is in the posterior compartment of the bdoy and what are its roots?

Answer 32

``` Radial Nerve (C5-T1) C 7,8 ```

Question 33

What does the triceps reflex test for?

Answer 33

C7 and C8 reflex arcs

Question 34

Where is the aconeus?

Answer 34

Lateral epicondyle of humerus to olecranon

Question 35

What is the role of the aconeus?

Answer 35

helps triceps in elbow extension

Question 36

What is the function of the triceps brachii?

Answer 36

elbow extensor

Question 37

What are the heads of the triceps brachii?

Answer 37

Long head (infraglenoid tubercle of scapula) Lateral head Medial head

Question 38

Which head crosses the shoulder joint?

Answer 38

Long head of the triceps brachii

Question 39

Where does the radial nerve run?

Answer 39

Between medial and lateral head of the triceps brachii | Right on the back of the humerus

Question 40

What can cause a radial nerve damage?

Answer 40

Fracture to humerus shaft

Question 41

What is the pathway of the radial nerve? Which compartment is it in?

Answer 41

The Radial nerve runs in the posterior compartment of the arm, but pierces the intermuscular septum to run anterior to the lateral epicondyle at the elbow

Question 42

What is the pathway of the ulnar nerve? Which compartment is it in?

Answer 42

The Ulnar nerve runs in the anterior compartment of the arm, and pierces the intermuscular septa to pass posterior to the medial epicondyle to enter the forearm

Question 43

What is the funny bone and why do you get a sensation?

Answer 43

Medial epicondyle is funny bone and you are compressing your ulna nerve

Question 44

What is the pathway of the musculocutaneous nerve? Which compartment is it in?

Answer 44

The Musculocutaneous nerve supplies the muscles of the anterior compartment of the arm, and the emerges lateral to the biceps as the lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm

Question 45

What is the pathway of the median nerve? Which compartment is it in?

Answer 45

The Median nerve runs in the anterior compartment of the arm, and crosses the anterior aspect of the elbow to enter the anterior compartment of the forearm

Question 46

Where does the pronator teres run?

Answer 46

from medial condyle to radius

Question 47

Where does the pronator quadratus run?

Answer 47

anteriorly between radius and ulna

Question 48

What occurs during pronation?

Answer 48

Pronator teres and pronator quadratus contract so get shorter pulling radius over ulna.

Question 49

What bursa do you have at the elbow joint?

Answer 49

Deep (subtendinous) olecranon bursa Intratendinous olecranon bursa Superficial (subcutaneous) olecranon bursa

Question 50

Where is the Deep (subtendinous) olecranon bursa

Answer 50

Between olecranon and triceps tendon

Question 51

Where is the intratendinous olecranon bursa

Answer 51

Sometimes present in triceps tendon

Question 52

Where is the Superficial (subcutaneous) olecranon bursa

Answer 52

Located in subcutaneous connective tissue

Question 53

What is bursistis?

Answer 53

Affects Superficial (subcutaneous) olecranon bursa Swelling students elbow

Question 54

What is the cubital fossa?

Answer 54

Anterior depression in front of elbow joint – superficial veins of the arms are here -

Question 55

What is another name for the cubital fossa?

Answer 55

Antecubital fossa

Question 56

Where are the medial cubital veins?

Answer 56

Superficially in the subcutaneous tissue overlying the cubital fossa are the median cubital veins, related to the basilic and cephalic veins.

Question 57

What is the tendon in the elbow?

Answer 57

Bicipital Aponeurosis

Question 58

What are the arteries of the arm?

Answer 58

``` Brachial artery Collateral branches Profunda brachii Ulnar artery Radial artery ```

Question 59

Where does the brachial artery branch and into what?

Answer 59

Right after cubital fossa into ulna and radial arteries

Question 60

What does the cubital fossa actually contain?

Answer 60

Terminal part of brachial artery Bicipital aponeurosis - tendon Deep veins (brachial veins) Median nerve