MS

Question 1

differentiate:
1. pre-renal
2.intra-renal
3.post renal

Answer 1

these are categories of AKI

PRE-RENAL- when there is a decreased blood flow to the kidney (ex includes hemorrhage, burns and DM)

INTRA-RENAL - actual parenchymal damage to the kidney(ex: damaged by nephrotoxic agent, infection)

POST RENAL - obstruction (ex BPH, calculi and tumor)

Question 2

life span of rbc

Answer 2

120 days

Question 3

intussuseption

Answer 3

is an intestinal obstruction

classic symptom : currant jelly stool (blood and mucus),
abd pain.
sausage shape abdominal mass

Question 4

rotavirus

Answer 4

Viral infection
mode of transmission : vomit and feces

causes inflammation of stomach and intestine that can cause fever and watery diarrhea

s and sx : vomiting and diarrhea

vaccine : oral rotavirus vaccine given at 2 mos and 4mos of age

Question 5

scarlet fever

Answer 5

Scarlet fever is an infection caused by Streptococcus pyogenes

characterized by a blanching, erythematous, maculopapular rash, often described as
—-“sandpaper-like,”
—– a sore throat,
——“strawberry tongue,” and exudative pharyngitis.

Question 6

standard vaccine for 12mos old

Answer 6

Hib
PCV 13
MMR
varicella
Hep A

Question 7

fifth disease

Answer 7

aka as slapped face or erythema infectiosum

• a viral illness caused by the human parvovirus and affects mainly school age children
• transmission is via respi secritions (communicable before onset of symptoms)
• red rash on the cheeks (appears slapped); joint pains

Question 8

botulism

Answer 8

infant botulism is food poisoning that occurs after consuming clostridium botulism, a bacteria found in soil and animal products (raw HONEY, milk)

the bacteria often colonize the GI tract and release a exotoxin that causes rapid, life threatening paralysis.

in addition to you age, the absence of complete bowel flora predisposes infants (age <1yr) to this infection.

manifestation : constipation, difficulty feeding, decreased head control, dimished DTR)—— respi failure

Question 9

ECG APPEARANCE
1. ATRIAL FLUTTER
2. ATRIAL FIBRILATION
3. SVT
4. V TACH
5. V FIB

Question 10

NORMAL
1. CHLORIDE
2. MAGNESIUM
3. PHOSPHORUS

Answer 10

CHLORIDE = 98 - 106
MAGNESIUM = 1.5 - 2.5MEQ/L
PHOSPHORUS = 2.5 - 4.5 MEQ/L

Question 11

differentiate atrial pacing and ventricular pacing

Answer 11

ATRIAL PACING - increased spike before P wave
VENTRICULAR PACING - pacer spikes just before QRS