MT CH6 More Flashcards
(41 cards)
What is amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)?
A disease caused by motor neuron degeneration resulting in muscular weakness and atrophy; Lou Gehrig disease
ALS is characterized by the progressive loss of motor neurons, leading to muscle atrophy and weakness.
What does chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) involve?
A disease of unknown cause that involves persistent fatigue along with muscle and joint pain and other symptoms; may be virally induced
CFS is often accompanied by cognitive difficulties, sleep abnormalities, and post-exertional malaise.
Define dermatomyositis.
A disease of unknown origin involving muscular inflammation as well as dermatitis and skin rashes
Dermatomyositis can present with a distinctive rash and is associated with muscle weakness.
What is fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS)?
A disorder associated with widespread muscular aches and stiffness and having no known cause
FMS may also include fatigue, sleep disturbances, and cognitive difficulties.
What characterizes muscular dystrophy?
A group of hereditary muscular disorders marked by progressive weakness and muscular atrophy
There are several types of muscular dystrophy, each with varying degrees of severity and age of onset.
What is myasthenia gravis (MG)?
A disease characterized by progressive muscular weakness; an autoimmune disease affecting the neuromuscular junction
MG is often marked by muscle fatigue that worsens with activity and improves with rest.
What does polymyositis involve?
A disease of unknown cause involving muscular inflammation and weakness
Polymyositis can affect muscle strength and function and may be associated with other autoimmune conditions.
What is repetitive strain injury (RSI)?
Tissue damage caused by repeated motion, usually overuse of the arm or hand in occupational activities; also called repetitive motion injury
RSI can lead to conditions such as tendonitis or carpal tunnel syndrome.
What is a sprain?
Injury to a ligament caused by abnormal or excessive force at a joint, but without bone dislocation or fracture
Sprains commonly affect the ankle, knee, and wrist joints.
Define strain.
Trauma to a muscle because of overuse or excessive stretch; may involve muscular tearing, bleeding, or separation from its tendon
Strains can vary in severity, from mild muscle pulls to complete tears.
What is tendinitis?
Inflammation of a tendon, usually caused by injury or overuse; common sites include the shoulder, elbow, and hip
Tendinitis can result from repetitive movements and is often treated with rest and anti-inflammatory medications.
What is tenosynovitis?
Inflammation of a tendon and its sheath
Related to tendon injuries and pain
What does creatine kinase (CK) refer to?
An enzyme found in muscle tissue; the serum CK level increases in cases of muscle damage
Also known as creatine phosphokinase (CPK)
What is the purpose of electromyography (EMG)?
Study of the electrical activity of muscles during contraction
Define aponeurosis.
A flat, white, sheet-like tendon that connects a muscle with the part that it moves
Example: abdominal aponeurosis
What is creatine?
A substance in muscle cells that stores energy for contraction
What is glycogen?
A complex sugar that is stored for energy in muscles and in the liver
Define isometric muscle action.
Pertaining to a muscle action in which the muscle tenses but does not shorten
Define isotonic muscle action.
Pertaining to a muscle action in which the muscle shortens to accomplish movement
What does kinesthesia mean?
Awareness of movement; perception of the weight, direction, and degree of movement
What is lactate?
An organic compound that accumulates in muscle cells functioning without enough oxygen
Define a motor unit.
A single motor neuron and all of the muscle cells that its branches stimulate
What is myoglobin?
A protein similar to hemoglobin that stores oxygen in muscle cells
Define asterixis.
Rapid, jerky movements, especially in the hands, caused by intermittent loss of muscle tone
