MT LAWS (L13)

Question 1

used interchangeably with medical ethics

Answer 1

Bioethics

Question 2

in the delivery of ethical reasoning in work and assigned tasks.

Answer 2

Ethical guidance

Question 3

bioethics is not limited to ethical reasoning and moral clinical decisions as it also shows a deep concern for and an awareness of these complicated issues

Answer 3

Clarification

Question 4

It also covers the other life science disciplines, especially the moral questions and issues concerning humans, animals, and nature.

Answer 4

Discipline

Question 5

it was derived from the introduction of the Hippocratic Oath.

Answer 5

Medical ethics

Question 6

concerned with the ethical issue of “what one should do or ought to do.”

Answer 6

Medical ethics

Question 7

was founded in the USA and Europe as a result of their sensitivity to mimals. They were aware of the cruelty against animals and they were compassionate to them.

Answer 7

Animal ethics

Question 8

approaches such as virtue ethics and deontology which stress the particular human perspective and claim that values depend on human beings only

Answer 8

anthropocentrism

Question 9

approaches share the common claim that there are “objective” or more straightforward naturalistic values which are relational (intrinsic) and do not presuppose rational human beings.

Answer 9

non-anthropocentrism

Question 10

focused on the rightnes or wrongness of an action rather than on the consequence of the action done.

Answer 10

deontology theory

Question 11

an action done is right if declared by the Almighty God to right

Answer 11

divine command theory

Question 12

the natural theory proposed by

Answer 12

john locke and thomas hobbes

Question 13

holds that humans have absolute human rights (such as the universal right)

Answer 13

natural right theory

Question 14

This theory affirms the importance of seven prima facie duties

Answer 14

plurastic deontology theory

Question 15

seven prima facie duties

Answer 15

beneficence, non-maleficence, justice, gratitude, reparation, promise-keeping, self-improvement

Question 16

This moral theory is derived from moral obligation as stipulated in the contract

Answer 16

contractarian theory

Question 17

It signifies that an action should be performed only if the intention is to bring about the good effect.

Answer 17

principle of double effect

Question 18

holds that an individual has a right to dispose of his or her organs or to destroy their capacity to function only to the extent that the general well-being of the whole body demands it.

Answer 18

principle of totality

Question 19

this theory posits that an action is morally right if the consequence or outcome is good.

Answer 19

teleogical theory

Question 20

holds that an action is morally right if it results in happiness and satisfaction.

Answer 20

utilitarian theory

Question 21

states that “people should do an action that may bring happiness for the greatest number of people.”

Answer 21

principle of utility

Question 22

holds that the pursuit of humankind is pleasure on its maximum level (net of pain or suffering).

Answer 22

hedonism theory

Question 23

argues that a right action is maximized when it benefits oneself.

Answer 23

egoism theory

Question 24

doing things that benefit oneself

Answer 24

individual egoism

Question 25

doing things at one's best interest but makes no claims about what anyone else ought to do

Answer 25

personal egoism

Question 26

acting in a way that benefits everybody

Answer 26

universal egoism

Question 27

This is a philosophy that contradicts egoism because it holds that life should have no pleasure in order to achieve a spiritual goal.

Answer 27

Asceticism theory

Question 28

This theory speaks of Auguste Comte's dictum which means "live for others"

Answer 28

Altruism theory

Question 29

From its very definition, a moral behavior or action should follow a certain rule, but such rule should be based on the consequence.

Answer 29

rule consequentialist theory

Question 30

This theory is simply the passive avoidance of bad outcomes

Answer 30

negative consequentialist theory

Question 31

is based on the inherent nature of an individual rather than on the consequence of the acts.

Answer 31

virtue theory

Question 32

doing an action that is based on common sense or intuition

Answer 32

agent-based theory

Question 33

citing the feminist theory which holds changing the view of morality towards more marginalized virtue

Answer 33

extent of care

Question 34

is the act of respecting the decisions of others

Answer 34

respect for autonomy

Question 35

the principle of doing an action that benefits others.

Answer 35

beneficence

Question 36

is the avoidance of doing "harm" to others.

Answer 36

non-maleficence

Question 37

the application of legal ethics in medical technology professional practices

Answer 37

justice