MT1 - Review - Definitions

Question 1

Pharmacology

Answer 1

Science dealing with the fates of drugs in the body and their biological actions within it

Question 2

Pharmacodynamics

Answer 2

Study of how drugs act; emphasis on mechanisms

Question 3

Pharmacokinetics

Answer 3

Study of how the body absorbs, distributes, metabolizes, and excretes drugs; calculations of various rates to bring about a quantitative component to assessing drug action

Question 4

Pharmacotherapeutics

Answer 4

Use of drugs to treat disorders; emphasis on clinical management

Question 5

Pharmacoeconomics

Answer 5

Study of cost-effectiveness of drug treatments

Question 6

Pharmacoepidemiology

Answer 6

Effect of drugs on populations; emphasis on genetics

Question 7

Generic name

Answer 7

Common name used by all

Question 8

Trivial name

Answer 8

common name that is less official than the generic name

Question 9

Trade name

Answer 9

Name given to the drug by a pharmaceutical company

Question 10

Chemical name

Answer 10

Name based on a standardized and systematized nomenclature

Question 11

Dosage form

Answer 11

Physical form (way of identifying) of the drug. Used to allow effective delivery of the active compound to the patient

Question 12

Active drug component

Answer 12

Compounds used with the intention of providing biological effects
- one or multiple compounds

Question 13

Non-drug components

Answer 13

Compounds used with the intention to provide:

• stability
• desirable colour/form
• necessary characteristics to deliver the active compound(s)

Question 14

Route of administration

Answer 14

The way that a drug is introduced into the body

Question 15

Enteral administration

Answer 15

Absorption from the GI tract
- oral ingestion
Most common route of administration

Question 16

Acid

Answer 16

Proton donor

- substance that can dissociate to form H+ and a conjugate base

Question 17

Base

Answer 17

Proton acceptor

-substance that can accept a proton to form a conjugate acid

Question 18

Solubility

Answer 18

Physical property of a solid, liquid of gaseous chemical substance called a solute to dissolve in a solid, liquid or gaseous solvent to form a homogeneous solution of the solute in the solven

Question 19

Saturation concentration

Answer 19

Extend of solubility of a substance

Point at which addition of extra solute will not increase the concentration of the solution

Question 20

Partition coefficient

Answer 20

Ratio of concentrations of a compound in two phases of two immiscible solvents at equilibrium

Question 21

Covalent bonds

Answer 21

Characterized by sharing of electron pairs between atoms

Question 22

Ionic/electrostatic bonds

Answer 22

Characterized by transferring valence electrons

Question 23

Hydrogen bonds

Answer 23

attractive forces that vary in strength

• are weaker than ionic interactions but stronger the VdW interactions
• DO NOT FORM ACTUAL BONDS

Question 24

Van der Waals interactions

Answer 24

Also called hydrophobic interactions

- sum of attractive and repulsive forces between molecules

Question 25

Isomers

Answer 25

Compounds with an identical molecular formula but different structural formula

Question 26

Pharmacophore

Answer 26

Collection of functional groups that interact with a specific target that give a similar biological effect

Question 27

Compliance

Answer 27

Degree to which a patient correctly follows medical advice

Question 28

Kinetics of pharmacokinetics

Answer 28

variation in drug concentration with time

Question 29

Absorption

Answer 29

Process of incorporation of a drug into the bloodstream | Movement of a drug from the site of administration to the central compartment

Question 30

Pinocytosis

Answer 30

Invagination of part of the cell membrane to form vacuoles

Question 31

First pass metabolism

Answer 31

Phenomenon of drug metabolism whereby the concentration of a drug is greatly reduced before it reaches the systemic circulation

Question 32

Bioavailability

Answer 32

Fraction of unchanged drug in the systemic circulation

Question 33

Reabsorption

Answer 33

Process of re-incorporating a drug into the bloodstream by excreting organs

Question 34

Distribution

Answer 34

Movement of a drug from the bloodstream into: - various tissues around the body - the site of target tissues/cells

Question 35

Compartmentalization

Answer 35

Each organ/tissue contains different biomolecules and cell types that could affect the distribution (retention) of a drug

Question 36

Imaginary bodily parts model

Answer 36

A study model to understand how drugs distribute, once they are absorbed

Question 37

Apparent volume of distribution

Answer 37

Hypothetical volume of fluid into which a drug distributes

Question 38

Perfusion-limited

Answer 38

Used in describing the lack or slowness of drug action due to the target organ's low perfusion rate

Question 39

Permeability-limited

Answer 39

Used in describing the lack or slowness of drug action due to the drug's ability to move across the biological membrane to target organs/sites

Question 40

Drug

Answer 40

chemical compounds with biological/therapeutic properties