Multi Store Model Atkinson And Shiffrin (1968) Flashcards
(14 cards)
A01 msm
The MSM was made by Atkinson and Shiffrin. The MSM states that we have 3 memory stores: sensory, short term and long term memory.
-MSM first starts from the environmental stimuli which transfers to the sensory memory
(register)· Information is held at our senses with the duration lasting milliseconds.
↳ If attention is not paid information is lost however If attention is paid the Information transfers to the sTM
-STM has a limited capacity of the magic number (7+-2)and a duration that last 30 seconds and If new information is placed in the STM the original information will disappear
-By practing maintenance rehearsal information will transfer to the LTM
-The LTM has a limitless capacity and duration and allows you to find the memory
-Information can be retrieved from the LTM and go back to the STM
-This shows the transfer of memory between the 3 stores
Who created the Multi-Store Model (MSM) of memory and what does it propose?
The MSM was created by Atkinson and Shiffrin. It proposes that memory is made up of three separate stores: the sensory memory, short-term memory (STM), and long-term memory (LTM).
How does information enter the MSM?
Information enters through environmental stimuli, which is first detected by the sensory register.
What happens to information in the sensory register if attention is not paid to it?
If attention is not paid, the information is lost and does not move to short-term memory.
What is the capacity and duration of short-term memory (STM)?
STM has a limited capacity of about 7 ± 2 items and a duration of around 30 seconds.
What happens to old information in STM when new information is introduced?
The original information is displaced or lost if not rehearsed, due to limited capacity.
How does information transfer from STM to LTM?
Through maintenance rehearsal—repeating the information keeps it in STM long enough to be transferred to LTM.
What are the features of long-term memory (LTM)?
LTM has a potentially limitless capacity and duration, allowing for lifelong storage of information.
How is information retrieved in the MSM?
Information is retrieved from LTM back to STM when needed, allowing it to be consciously used.
What does the Multi-Store Model demonstrate about the flow of memory?
It shows a linear process in which information flows between three distinct memory stores—sensory, STM, and LTM—through attention, rehearsal, and retrieval.
How does the case study of HM support the Multi-Store Model (MSM) and its reliability?
Support from case studies
The case study of HM, where parts of his hippocampus were removed due to severe epilepsy, showed that after the surgery, he was unable to create new long-term memories (LTM) but could remember things prior to the surgery.
This shows that LTM and STM are separate stores because HM was unable to transfer information from his STM to his LTM. Therefore, the MSM has reliability.
How does the use of brain scans as supporting evidence provide reliability for the MSM?
Supporting evidence
Researchers used brain scans that showed STM is related to the prefrontal cortex, while LTM is related to the hippocampus.
This indicates that STM and LTM are processed in different areas of the brain, supporting the idea of separate memory stores, which provides the MSM with reliability.
Why is the Multi-Store Model (MSM) criticised for being too simplistic in its explanation of memory?
Too simplistic
Other researchers argue that STM is too vague and that more complex processes are involved. This led to the development of the Working Memory Model (WMM).
This suggests that the MSM does not fully capture the complexity of memory, reducing its validity.
How does the idea that there is more to long-term memory (LTM) than maintenance rehearsal challenge the MSM’s reliability?
There is more to LTM than maintenance rehearsal
Researchers have found that deeper processing through meaning (semantic processing) helps memories last longer than shallow processing like maintenance rehearsal.
This suggests that there are other ways to transfer information to LTM beyond just rehearsal, thus questioning the reliability of the MSM.
