Muscle Relaxants

Question 1

Muscle Spasm definition

Answer 1

The involuntary contraction of a muscle.

Question 2

Causes of muscle spasms

Answer 2

Epilepsy
HYPOcalcemia
Pain syndromes
Localized skeletal muscle injury (gym warriors)

Question 3

Drug therapy for muscle spasms.

Answer 3

NSAIDs

Centrally acting muscle relaxants.

Question 4

A centrally acting muscle relaxant that acts like GABA.

Answer 4

Baclofen

Question 5

MOA of centrally acting muscle relaxants.

Answer 5

Unknown

Question 6

These centrally acting muscle relaxants increase the presynaptic inhibition of motor neurons in the CNS.

Answer 6

1) Diazepam

2) Tizanidine

Question 7

Promotes presynaptic inhibition by mimicing GABA.

Answer 7

Diazepam

Question 8

Causes presynaptic inhibition by activating alpha 2 receptors.

Answer 8

Tizanidine

Question 9

Are centrally acting muscle relaxants used to treat muscle spasms or spasticity?

Answer 9

SPASMS

Question 10

These two centrally acting muscle relaxants can be used for muscle SPASTICITY.

Answer 10

Diazepam and Baclofen

Question 11

Muscle relaxants used in dentistry for:

Bruxism
TMJ Disorders

Answer 11

Diazepam
Chlorzoxazone
Methocarbamol

Question 12

Spasticity definition

Answer 12

Spastic paralysis.

Increased muscle tone in a large group of muscles

Question 13

Spasticity causes movement disorders of ______ _______.

Answer 13

CNS Origin

Question 14

How is spasticity managed?

Answer 14

Combo of PT and drug therapy.

Question 15

Common causes of muscle spasticity.

Answer 15

Multiple sclerosis
Cerebral palsy
Spinal cord lesions
Stroke

Question 16

Drugs for Muscle Spasticity

Answer 16

Baclofen
Diazepam
Dantrolene

Question 17

This drug for muscle spasticity acts directly on skeletal muscle.

Answer 17

Dantrolene

Question 18

This drug is used to treat muscle spasticity, is a structural analog of GABA, acts in the CNS, and mechanism is unknown.

Answer 18

Baclofen

Question 19

Acts within the spinal cord neurons to suppress hyperactive reflexes that regulate muscle movement.

Answer 19

Baclofen

Question 20

Does Baclofen have direct effects on skeletal muscle?

Answer 20

No

Question 21

Baclofen acts in the _________, and _______ do not involve the spinal cord.

Answer 21

spinal cord; strokes

Question 22

What is Baclofen used to treat

Answer 22

Multiple sclerosis
Spinal cord injury
Cerebral palsy

Question 23

What kind of spasms does Baclofen decrease?

Answer 23

Flexor and extensor

Question 24

Baclofen suppresses resistance to what kind of movement?

Answer 24

Passive movement

Question 25

Adverse effects of Baclofen.

Answer 25

- CNS depressant - Gradual withdrawal over 1-2 weeks to prevent seizure activity and withdrawal syndrome. - GI symptoms (nausea, constipation). - Urinary retention

Question 26

The only member of the benzodiazepine family that's used to treat muscle spasticity.

Answer 26

Diazepam

Question 27

Drug used to treat muscle spasticity that facilitates the action of GABA.

Answer 27

Diazepam

Question 28

Adverse effect of Diazepam

Answer 28

Sedation

Question 29

This drug is for muscle spasticity, and it acts directly on skeletal muscle.

Answer 29

Dantrolene

Question 30

Dantrolene MOA.

Answer 30

Prevents the release of Calcium from sarcoplasmic reticulum.

Question 31

This drug is used to treat malignant hyperthermia

Answer 31

Dantrolene

Question 32

What is malignant hyperthermia?

Answer 32

Too much Calcium is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum into the intracellular space of the muscle fiber, causing a metabolic reaction that increases body temperature and degrades muscle.

Question 33

What is Dantrolene used to treat?

Answer 33

Multiple sclerosis Cerebral palsy Spinal cord injury

Question 34

These are the adverse effects of which drug used to treat muscle spasticity? : ``` Hepatic toxicity Muscle weakness Drowsiness Diarrhea Acne-like rash ```

Answer 34

Dantrolene

Question 35

Dental indications for muscle relaxants.

Answer 35

Bruxism TMJ Disorders Tx of head/neck spasms Reducing post-procedure trismus

Question 36

When warranted, which drug do dentists prefer as a muscle relaxant?

Answer 36

Diazepam, bc it has: - Good muscle relaxant properties - Prolonged action - Safety

Question 37

Can CNS muscle relaxants be used for long-term therapy?

Answer 37

No, bc they can become addictive.

Question 38

Which of the following is most effective in management of malignant hyperthermia? ``` Baclofen Dantrolene Haloperidol Succinylcholine Vecuronium ```

Answer 38

Dantrolene

Question 39

Does Dantrolene have a large effect on Calcium release in cardiac muscle?

Answer 39

No

Question 40

T/F: Diazepam causes sedation at most doses required to reduce muscle spasms.

Answer 40

True

Question 41

What does intrathecal mean?

Answer 41

In the spinal cord.

Question 42

T/F: Intrathecal use of baclofen is effective in some refractory cases of muscle spasticity.

Answer 42

True

Question 43

Which drug has spasmolytic activity and can be used to manage seizures caused by overdose from a local anesthetic?

Answer 43

Diazepam