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Pharm 110 > Muscle System > Flashcards

Muscle System Flashcards

(68 cards)

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1
Q

Muscles can only ___

A

Pull
Never push

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2
Q

Primer mover

A

Aka agonist
Major responsibility for producing specific movement

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3
Q

Antagonist

A

Opposes or reverses particular movement
Primer mover and antagonist are located on opposite sides of joint across which they act

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4
Q

Synergist

A

Helps prime movers
Adds extra force to same movement
Reduces undesirable or unnecessary movement

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5
Q

Fixator

A

Synergist that immobilizes bone or muscles origin
Gives prime mover stable base on which to act

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6
Q

A muscle that crosses on the anterior side of a joint produces ____

A

Flexion

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7
Q

A muscle that crosses on the posterior side of a joint produces ______

A

Extension

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8
Q

A muscle that crosses on the lateral side of a joint produces

A

Abduction

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9
Q

A muscle that crosses on the medial side of a joint produces ____

A

Adduction

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10
Q

Axes of movement

A

Flexion, extension, hyper extension

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11
Q

same muscle may be

A

Prime mover of one movement
Antagonist for different movement
Synergist for third movement

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12
Q

Naming skeletal muscles: muscle location

A

Bone or body region with which muscle associated
Ex: temporalis (over temporal bone)

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13
Q

Naming skeletal muscles: muscle shape

A

Distinctive shapes
Ex: deltoid muscle (deltoid= triangle)

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14
Q

Naming skeletal muscles: muscle size

A

Maximus= largest
Minimus= smallest
Longus= long
Brevis = short

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15
Q

Naming skeletal muscles: direction of muscle fibres or fascicles

A

Rectus: fibres run straight
Trans versus: fibres run at right angles
Oblique: fibres run at angles to imaginary defined axis

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16
Q

Naming skeletal muscles: number of origins

A

Biceps: two origins
Triceps: 3 origins

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17
Q

Naming skeletal muscles: location of attachments

A

Named according to point of origin and insertion
origin named first

Ex: sternocleidomastoid attaches to sternum and clavicle (origin) with insertion on mastoid process

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18
Q

Naming skeletal muscles: muscle action

A

Named for action they produce
Ex: flexor or extensor

Several criteria can be combined
Ex: extensor : extends
Carpi: wrist
Radialis: radius
Longus:length is long

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19
Q

Fascicles

A

Bundles of fibres
All skeletal muscles consists of fascicles
Arrangements vary

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20
Q

Circular fascicle arrangement

A

Fascicles arranged in concentric rings
Ex: orbicularis oris

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21
Q

Convergent fascicle arrangement

A

Broad origin
Fascicles converge toward single tendon insertion
Ex: pectoral is major

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22
Q

Fuse form fascicle arrangement

A

Spindle shaped muscles with parallel fibres
Ex: biceps brachial

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23
Q

Parallel fascicle arrangement

A

Fascicles parallel to long axis of straplike muscle
Ex: sartorius

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24
Q

Pennate fascicle arrangement

A

Pennate: short fascicles attach obliquely to central tendon running length of muscle
Ex: rectus femoris

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25
Unipennate
Fascicles attach only to one side of tendon
26
Bipennate
Fascicles insert from opposite sides of tendon
27
Multipennate
Appears as feathers inserting into one tendon
28
Lever
Rigid bar (bone) that moves on a fixed point called fulcrum (joint) Allow given effort to move heavier load or to move load farther or faster -depends on fulcrum position relative to load and effort
29
Effort
Force (supplied by muscle contraction) applied to lever to move resistance (load)
30
Load
Resistance (bone +tissues + any added weight) moved by the effort
31
Mechanical advantage
Aka power lever Load is close to fulcrum, with effort far from fulcrum Small effort can move large load Slower, but more stable- used where strength is a priority
32
Mechanical disadvantage
Speed lever Load is far from fulcrum, with effort close to fulcrum Load moved rapidly over large distance, offers a wider range of motion Force is lost, but speed and range of movement are gained
33
First class lever
Fulcrum is between load and effort Ex: seesaw, scissors Fulcrum in middle f= first
34
Second class lever
Load is between fulcrum and effort Ex: wheelbarrow, standing on toes Load in middle
35
Third class lever
Effort is applied between fulcrum and load Ex: tweezers, forceps, most skeletal muscles Effort in middle
36
Why are facial expression muscles different
Can insert into skin and/or on bone
37
Two groups of facial expression muscles
1) muscles of scalp 2) muscles of the face All innervated by cranial nerve VII
38
Name the three things that form the epicranius
Epicranial aponeurosis (tendon/middle section of the occipitofrontalis) Frontal belly Occipital belly
39
Frontal belly
O: epicranial aponeurosis I: eyebrows and nose
40
Occipital belly
O: occipital bone and temporal bone I: epicranial aponeurosis
41
Corrugator supercilli
O: frontal bone arch I: eyebrow -furrows eyebrows, makes angry face
42
Orbicularis oculi
O: frontal + maxillary bone I: eyelid Allows you to close your eye/blink
43
orbicularis oris
O: maxillary bones and mandible I: lips Allows you to pucker mouth, close lips, kissing, whistling
44
Zygomaticus
Divided into major and minor O: zygomatic bone I: mouth Smiling muscle!
45
Risorius
O: masseter I: lateral corner of mouth Laughing muscle! Think of joker smile
46
Levator labii superioris
O: maxillary bone and zygomatic bone I: upper lip Opens lip, happy muscle
47
Depressor labii inferioris
O: chin/mandible I: lower lip Ex: pout, sad muscle
48
Depressor anguli oris
O: mandible I: mouth Grimace, sad muscle Think of anguish
49
Mentalis
Ment = chin O: mandible I:chin Makes a pouty face, wrinkle chin Think about a mental breakdown, sad muscle
50
Buccinator
Horizontal, deep to masseter O: mandible and maxilla I: orbicularis oris Whistling, sucking, chewing Holds food between teeth
51
Masseter
O: zygomatic bone I: mandible PRIME MOVER OF JAW CLOSURE Think of going to mass, used to go in primary school when i learned of prime numbers
52
Platysma
O: chest I:mandible and mouth Tenses the neck, shaving Got will an electric shaver for christmas, said TYSMa
53
Temporalis
O: Temporal fossa I: mandible Closes the jaw, prime mover of jaw closure
54
What are the two prime movers of jaw closure
Masseter and Temporalis
55
Pterygoids
Grinding movements Under the masseter Lateral pterygoid O: sphenoid I: mandible Medical pterygoid O:sphenoid and maxilla I: mandible
56
Muscles promoting tongue movement
Genioglossus Hyoglossus Styloglossus
57
Genioglossus
O: mandible I:hyoid Sticks out tongue
58
Hyoglossus
O: hyoid Depresses tongue
59
Styloglossus
O: hyoid Retracts and elevates tongue
60
_______ muscle divides the neck into two triangles (anterior and posterior)
Sternocleidomastoid muscle
61
Anterior muscles of the neck and throat are divided based on the location to the
Hyoid muscle Suprahyoid and infrahyoid
62
Suprahyoid muscles
4 deep muscles involved in swallowing Elevate hyoid bone Floor of oral cavity Moves larynx during swallowing GDSM Geniohyoid Digastric Mylohyoid Stylohyoid
63
Infrahyoid muscles
4 strap like muscles Depresses hyoid bone and larynx during swallowing and speaking
64
___ and ____ push food back towards pharynx, where muscles in the posterior mouth and pharynx complete the swallowing process
Tongue and buccinator muscles
65
______ closes over larynx while muscles in walls of pharynx propel food forward to stomach
Epiglottis
66
Geniohyoid
O: mandible I:hyoid Stick out tongue
67
Digastric
Two belly O:mandible and temporal I: hyoid Opens mouth, depresses mandible
68
Mylohyoid
o: mandible I: hyoid Elevates and retacts hyoid

Pharm 110 (4 decks)

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