muscle tissue

Question 1

what are the three types of muscle tissue and their characteristics

Answer 1

skeletal - voluntary striated
cardiac - involuntary striated
smooth - involuntary, non-striated

Question 2

skeletal muscle histological appearance

Answer 2

cells look like fibres as elongated and cylindrical

multiple peripheral nuclei

Question 3

where is skeletal muscle found

Answer 3

attached to the skeleton to allow movement

Question 4

how is muscle attached to the skeleton

Answer 4

mostly via tendons although some directly to the bone

Question 5

fasicles

Answer 5

bundle of structures - e.g group of muscle fibres

Question 6

endomysium

Answer 6

surrounds individual muscle cells

Question 7

perimysium

Answer 7

surrounds groups of muscle cells (fascicles)

Question 8

epimysium

Answer 8

surrounds entire muscle tissue

Question 9

sarcomeres

Answer 9

contractile units of striated muscle

Question 10

what divides myofibrils into sarcomeres

Answer 10

z lines

Question 11

is actin the thick or the thin filament

Answer 11

thin, light band

Question 12

by what mechanism do sarcomeres contract

Answer 12

sliding filament mechanism

Question 13

sarcolemma

Answer 13

membrane enveloping skeletal muscle fibres

Question 14

function of t tubules in muscle contraction

Answer 14

conduct impulses from the sarcolemma to the sarcoplasmic reticulum where calcium is stored

Question 15

what is cardiac muscle specialised for

Answer 15

continuous autonomous contractions

Question 16

histology of cardiac muscle cells

Answer 16

elongated cylindrical striated cells that can be branched, one or two central nuclei

Question 17

what are the three layers of the heart

Answer 17

pericardium - outer connective tissue layer
myocardium heart muscle layer
endocardium - thin inner epithelial lining

Question 18

intercalated disc

Answer 18

specialised junctions allowing coordinated contractions in cardiac muscle

Question 19

where is smooth muscle found

Answer 19

lining hollow organs e.g stomach, lungs, blood. vessels

Question 20

histology of smooth muscle cells

Answer 20

small, elongated tapered end cells with a single central nucleus

Question 21

arrangement of actin and mysoin in sooth muscle

Answer 21

actin and myosin are arranged in a criss cross lattice and anchored to the cytoplasm by focal densities

Question 22

focal densities

Answer 22

anchor actin and mysoin to the cytoplasm in smooth muscle