Muscles

Question 1

Common features of the hamstring group

Answer 1

They all flex the knee, extend the hip and posteriorly tilt the pelvis.

Question 2

Muscles of the hamstring group

Answer 2

Biceps femoris, semimembranosus, semitendinosus

Question 3

Origin of the biceps femoris

Answer 3

Long head originates on the ischial tuberosity and the short head on the lateral lip of the linea aspera.

Question 4

Insertion of the biceps femoris

Answer 4

Head of the fibula

Question 5

Actions of the biceps femoris

Answer 5

Flex the knee, extend the hip, posteriorly tilt the pelvis, laterally rotate the flexed knee and laterally rotate the hip.

Question 6

Innervation of the biceps femoris

Answer 6

Sciatic nerve. The tibial branch for the long head and the fibular branch for the short head.

Question 7

Palpation key for biceps femoris

Answer 7

Client is prone and resist flexion of the leg and extension of the thigh for the long head.

Question 8

The knee flexes at the ______ joint.

Answer 8

Tibiofemoral.

Question 9

The hip extends at the _____ joint.

Answer 9

Coxal.

Question 10

The pelvis tilts at the _____ joint.

Answer 10

Lumbosacral

Question 11

Semitendinosus origin

Answer 11

Ischial tuberosity

Question 12

Semitendinosus insertion

Answer 12

Proximal medial shaft of the tibia at the pes anserinus tendon.

Question 13

Semitendinosus actions

Answer 13

Flex the knee, extend the hip, posteriorly tilt the pelvis, medially rotate the hip and medially rotate the flexed knee.

Question 14

Innervation of semitendinosus

Answer 14

Tibial branch of the sciatic nerve.

Question 15

Semitendinosus palpation key

Answer 15

Client prone, resist flexion of the leg at the knee.

Question 16

Semimembranosus origin

Answer 16

Ischial tuberosity

Question 17

Semimembranosus insertion

Answer 17

Posterior aspect of the medial condyle of the tibia

Question 18

Actions of semimembranosus

Answer 18

Flex the knee, extend the hip, posteriorly tilt the pelvis, medially rotate the hip, medially rotate the flexed knee.

Question 19

Innervation of semimembranosus

Answer 19

Tibial branch of the sciatic nerve.

Question 20

Palpation key of semimembranosus

Answer 20

Client prone, resist flexion of the leg and palpate on either side of semitendinosus.

Question 21

Common features of quadriceps femoris group

Answer 21

All extend the knee, insert at the tibial tuberosity and are innervated by the femoral nerve.

Question 22

Muscles of the quadriceps femoris group

Answer 22

Rectus femoris, vastus intermedius, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis.

Question 23

Origin of rectus femoris

Answer 23

Anterior inferior iliac spine (AIIS)

Question 24

Insertion of rectus femoris

Answer 24

Tibial tuberosity via the patellar tendon

Question 25

Actions of the rectus femoris

Answer 25

Extend the knee at the tibiofemoral joint and flexes the hip at the coxal joint.

Question 26

Innervation of the rectus femoris

Answer 26

Femoral nerve

Question 27

Palpation key of the rectus femoris

Answer 27

Client supine with legs dangling; resist extension of the knee for the lower fibers and flexion of the thigh for upper fibers.

Question 28

Origin of vastus intermedius

Answer 28

Anterior and lateral shaft of the femur

Question 29

Insertion of the rectus femoris

Answer 29

Tibial tuberosity via the patellar tendon.

Question 30

Action of the vastus intermedius

Answer 30

Extends the knee at the tibiofemoral joint.

Question 31

Innervation of the vastus intermedius

Answer 31

Femoral nerve

Question 32

Palpation key of vastus intermedius

Answer 32

Client supine with legs dangling; resist extension of the leg.

Question 33

Origin of vastus medialis

Answer 33

Medial lip of the linea aspera

Question 34

Insertion of vastus medialis

Answer 34

Tibial tuberosity via the patellar tendon.

Question 35

Action of the vastus medialis

Answer 35

Extend the knee at the tibiofemoral joint.

Question 36

Innervation of the vastus medialis

Answer 36

Femoral nerve.

Question 37

Palpation key of the vastus medialis

Answer 37

Client supine with legs dangling; resist extension of the leg.

Question 38

Origin of vastus lateralis

Answer 38

Lateral lip of the linea aspera.

Question 39

Insertion of vastus lateralis

Answer 39

Tibial tuberosity via the patellar tendon

Question 40

Action of vastus lateralis

Answer 40

Extend the knee at the tibiofemoral joint.

Question 41

Innervation of vastus lateralis

Answer 41

Femoral nerve

Question 42

Palpation key of vastus lateralis

Answer 42

Client supine with legs dangling; resist extension of the leg.

Question 43

Origin of the gluteus maximus

Answer 43

Coccyx, edge of the sacrum, posterior iliac crest and sacroiliac and sacrotuberous ligaments.

Question 44

Insertion of the gluteus maximus

Answer 44

Upper fibers insert to the iliotibial tract and the lower fibers to the gluteal tuberosity.

Question 45

Actions of the gluteus maximus

Answer 45

Extends, laterally rotates and abducts the hip. Lower fibers also adduct the hip.

Question 46

Innervation of the gluteus maximus

Answer 46

Inferior gluteal nerve.

Question 47

Palpation key of the gluteus maximus

Answer 47

Client prone, resist extension of the thigh with the leg rotated laterally.

Question 48

Origin of the gluteus medius

Answer 48

Lateral ilium, just below the iliac crest between the gluteal lines.

Question 49

Insertion of the gluteus medius

Answer 49

Lateral aspect of the greater trochanter.

Question 50

Actions of the gluteus medius

Answer 50

Abduct the hip, the posterior fibers extend and laterally rotate the hip and the anterior fibers flex and medially rotate the hip.

Question 51

Innervation of gluteus medius

Answer 51

Superior gluteal nerve

Question 52

Palpation key of gluteus medius

Answer 52

Client side-lying, resist adduction of the thigh. Medial fibers can add medial rotation and the posterior fibers lateral rotation.

Question 53

Origin of tensor fascia latae

Answer 53

Iliac crest posterior to the ASIS

Question 54

Insertion of tensor fascia latae

Answer 54

Iliotibial tract.

Question 55

Actions of tensor fascia latae

Answer 55

Flexes, abducts and medially rotates the hip at the coxal joint.

Question 56

Innervation of tensor fascia latae

Answer 56

Superior gluteal nerve

Question 57

Palpation key of tensor fascia latae

Answer 57

Client supine, place the leg into medial rotation and resist flexion of the thigh.

Question 58

Origin of adductor longus

Answer 58

Pubic tubercle

Question 59

Insertion of adductor longus

Answer 59

Pectineal line and the medial lip of the linea aspera

Question 60

Actions of adductor longus

Answer 60

Adducts, medially rotates and assists to flex the hip at the coxal joint.

Question 61

Innervation of adductor longus

Answer 61

Obturator nerve

Question 62

Palpation key of adductor longus

Answer 62

Client supine with leg dangling over the side; have client press leg against table.

Question 63

Muscles that flex the hip

Answer 63

Tensor fascia latae, rectus femoris, gluteus medius (anterior fibers), adductor longus (assists)

Question 64

Muscles that extend the hip

Answer 64

Gluteus maximus, biceps femoris (long head), semitendinosus, semimembranosus, gluteus medius (posterior fibers)

Question 65

Muscles that medially rotate the hip

Answer 65

Gluteus medius (anterior fibers), tensor fascia latae, adductor longus, semitendinosus, semimembranosus

Question 66

Muscles that laterally rotate the hip

Answer 66

Gluteus maximus, biceps femoris (long head)

Question 67

Muscles that abduct the hip

Answer 67

Gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, tensor fascia latae

Question 68

Muscles that adduct the hip

Answer 68

Adductor longus, gluteus maximus (lower fibers)

Question 69

Muscles that flex the knee

Answer 69

Biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus, gastrocnemius

Question 70

Muscles that extend the knee

Answer 70

Rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius, vastus medialis

Question 71

Muscles that medially rotate the flexed knee

Answer 71

Semitendinosus and semimembranosus

Question 72

Muscles that laterally rotate the flexed knee

Answer 72

Biceps femoris