Skeletal System

Question 1

Osteoblasts

Answer 1

Bone forming cells which secrete a substance that mineralizes bone tissue.

Question 2

Osteocytes

Answer 2

Matured osteoblasts which become trapped in the bone matrix.

Question 3

Osteoclasts

Answer 3

Cells that break down and remodel bone.

Question 4

Compact bone

Answer 4

Forms the outer shell of bones and around 80% of the bone’s mass.

Question 5

Osteon

Answer 5

Unit of compact bone. Cylindrical and runs lengthwise.

Question 6

Haversian canal

Answer 6

Lengthwise canal at the centre of an osteon. Contains blood vessels, lymphatic vessels and nerves.

Question 7

Volkmann canals

Answer 7

Transverse canals that connect Haversian canals. Contain blood and lymphatic vessels and nerves.

Question 8

Types of ossification

Answer 8

Endochondral and intramembranous.

Question 9

Long bones

Answer 9

Bones which are longer than they are wide.

Question 10

Short bones

Answer 10

Generally small, cuboid bones with multiple articulating surfaces.

Question 11

Flat bones

Answer 11

Bones with a broad, flat surface

Question 12

Irregular bones

Answer 12

Oddly shaped bones

Question 13

Sesamoid bones

Answer 13

Round bones embedded in tendons and ligaments.

Question 14

Bone shapes

Answer 14

Long, short, flat, irregular and sesamoid.

Question 15

Diaphysis

Answer 15

Cylindrical shaft of a long bone.

Question 16

Medullary cavity

Answer 16

Hollow space within the diaphysis. Filled with bone marrow.

Question 17

Periosteum

Answer 17

Connective tissue covering over the diaphysis. Contains blood vessels, nerves and osteoblasts.

Question 18

Epiphysis

Answer 18

End of a long bone.

Question 19

Articular cartilage

Answer 19

Hyaline cartilage which covers the articulating surfaces of the epiphysis.

Question 20

Purpose of articular cartilage

Answer 20

Allows for smoother movements.

Question 21

Epiphyseal plate

Answer 21

A line of cartilage near the end of growing bones. Becomes the epiphyseal line when growth is complete.

Question 22

Metaphysis

Answer 22

The neck portion of a long bone. Contains the epiphyseal plate.

Question 23

How many bones in the axial skeleton?

Answer 23

80

Question 24

Bone of the axial skeleton

Answer 24

Skull, vertebral column, sternum and ribs.

Question 25

How many bones in the skull?

Answer 25

29

Question 26

How many bones in the vertebral column?

Answer 26

26

Question 27

How many pairs of ribs?

Answer 27

12

Question 28

How many bones in the appendicular skeleton?

Answer 28

126

Question 29

Bones of the appendicular skeleton

Answer 29

Shoulder girdles, upper extremities, pelvic girdles and lower extremities.

Question 30

How many bones in the arm?

Answer 30

30

Question 31

How many bones in the shoulder girdle?

Answer 31

2 each

Question 32

How many bones in the pelvic girdle?

Answer 32

6

Question 33

How many bones in each leg?

Answer 33

30

Question 34

Types of joints

Answer 34

Fibrous, cartilagenous and synovial.

Question 35

Fibrous joints

Answer 35

Bones are connected by dense fibrous connective tissue. Typically synarthrotic.

Question 36

Cartilagenous joints

Answer 36

The joint consists of fibrocartilage of hyaline cartilage and allows for some movement. Typically amphiarthrotic.

Question 37

Synovial joints

Answer 37

The joint contains a joint capsule with a synovial membrane and fluid. Typically diarthrotic.

Question 38

Synarthrotic

Answer 38

A joint with limited movement.

Question 39

Synarthrotic joint examples

Answer 39

Teeth and skull

Question 40

Amphiarthrotic joint

Answer 40

A slightly movable joint.

Question 41

Amphiarthrotic joint examples

Answer 41

Vertebrae, pubic symphysis

Question 42

Diarthrotic joint

Answer 42

A freely moveable joint.

Question 43

Synovial fluid purpose

Answer 43

Provide lubrication and nutrients to the articular cartilage.

Question 44

Labrum

Answer 44

A ring of fibrocartilage around the edge of the articular cartilage of a synovial joint. Increases surface area.

Question 45

Bursae

Answer 45

Flattened saclike structures between ligaments and tendons which reduce friction.

Question 46

Fat pads

Answer 46

Pads of fat around some synovial joints to protect the articular cartilage.

Question 47

Synovial sheaths

Answer 47

Elongated bursae which surround tendons to increase gliding capacity.

Question 48

Menisci

Answer 48

Crescent shaped fibrocartilagenous pads found in the knee and jaw. Allows joints to fit together more smoothly.

Question 49

Joint types which are uniaxial

Answer 49

Hinge and pivot.

Question 50

Joint types which are biaxial

Answer 50

Saddle and ellipsoid

Question 51

Saddle joint

Answer 51

A joint with a concave and a convex surface articulating together.

Question 52

Ellipsoidal joint

Answer 52

An elliptical ball and socket joint.

Question 53

Joint types which are multiaxial

Answer 53

Ball and socket and gliding.