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Human Anatomy > Muscles > Flashcards

Muscles Flashcards

(66 cards)

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1
Q

Tendon

A

Muscle to bone

Part of muscular and skeletal system

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2
Q

Origin

A

Fixed end
Most stationary
Proximal end of muscle

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3
Q

Insertion

A

Mobile
Distal end of muscle
Undergoes greatest movement

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4
Q

Belly

A

Part of muscle between origin and insertion

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5
Q

Agonist

A

Muscle contracting in pair

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6
Q

Antagonist

A

Muscle relaxing in pair

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7
Q

Synergists

A

Muscles that work in groups

Each muscle can belong to more than one synergist

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8
Q

Prime mover

A

Muscle that plays a main role out of the group of synergists

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9
Q

Fixators

A

within synergists

Stabilise the origin of a prime mover

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10
Q

Muscles grouped into 3 main classes

A

Pennate
Straight
Orbicular

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11
Q

Pennate muscle

A 
Produces the greatest force 
Most muscles involved in movement 
Striated - contracting these directions 
Bipennate 
Semipennate 
Multipennate
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12
Q

Bipennate

A

Fibres arranged on either side on a common tendon

Barbs on a feather

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13
Q

Semipennate

A

Or unipennate

Muscle with fibres on one side go the tendon

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14
Q

Multipennate

A

Muscle fibres arranged at many places around a central tendon

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15
Q

Straight Muscle

A

Fibres parallel to long axis of the muscle

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16
Q

Orbicular muscle

A

Fibres arranged in a circle around an opening

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17
Q

Specific muscle shapes

A 
Quadrate 
Rhomboidal 
Fusiform 
Trapezium 
Triangular
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18
Q

Digastric

A

Muscles with multiple components such as two bellies

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19
Q

Bicipital

A

Muscle with two origins

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20
Q

Quadrate muscle

A

Four sided

Right angles

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21
Q

Rhomboidal muscle

A

Four sided with no right angle

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22
Q

Fusiform muscle

A

Spindle shape

Tapered either end

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23
Q

Trapezium muscle

A

Four sided

no right angles or parallel sides

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24
Q

Triangular muscle

A

Three sided

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25
Lever systems
Lever - bone Fulcrum - joint Weight - force of gravity Class i, ii and iii
26
Class I lever
Fulcrum located between pull and the weight Seesaw Posterior neck muscles contact to cause neck extension (face is the weight and joint in neck acts as fulcrum)
27
Class II lever
Weight between fulcrum and the pull Wheelbarrow Muscles contract to open jaw (pull) and mandible is weight. TMJ joint is fulcrum
28
Class III
Most common Pull located between fulcrum and weight Biceps brachii contracts to pull the the radius (lever) which flexes the elbow (fulcrum) and elevates hand (weight)
29
Sternocleidomastoid
Neck - 2 One contracting alone - Laterally flexes head and neck to same side/rotates head to opposite side Both contract together - Flexes neck
30
Trapezius
Neck - 1 | Extends and laterally flexes neck
31
Erector spinae group
Superficial back muscles grouped together | Extending, laterally flexing and rotating the vertebral column
32
Thorax (thoracic cavity)
Rib cage cavity from neck to diaphragm
33
Thoracic muscles
``` 4 main groups of the thorax muscles: Scalenes External intercostals Internal intercostals Transversus thoracics ```
34
Diaphragm
Muscle of the thorax Major movement produced by quiet breathing Dome shaped During contracting, dome flattens and thoracic cavity increases causing inspiration
35
Inspiration
Rest - Diaphragm contracts and rib cage is elevated by external intercostal muscles Exercise - Diaphragm contracts and scalene elevates first two ribs more forcefully casing an increase in thoracic volume
36
Expiration
Rest - Diaphragm relaxes af muscle groups relax Exercise - Diaphragm relaxes and internal intercostal muscles and transverses thoracis depress the ribs causing a decrease in thoracic cavity volume
37
Rectus Abdominis
Flexes vertebral column and compresses abdomen
38
External and internal abdominal oblique
Flex and rotate vertebral column Compress abdomen Depress thorax
39
Transversus abdominis
Compress abdomen
40
Deltoid (anterior, medial and posterior)
Flexes and extends shoulder Abducts Medially and laterally rotates arm
41
Coracobrachialis
Abducts the arm and flexes the shoulder
42
Pectoralis major
Flexes shoulder Adducts Medially rotates arm
43
Latissimus dorsi
addicts and medially rotates arm | Extends shoulder
44
Teres major
Extends shoulder Adducts arm Medially rotates arm
45
Rotator cuff
Hold head of humerus in place at glenoid cavity
46
Rotator cuff comprised of
``` Infraspinatus Subscapularis Suprasinatus Teres minor All shoulder movement ```
47
Biceps brachii
Arm Flexes shoulder and elbow Supinates forearm and gand
48
Brachialis
Arm | Flexes elbow
49
Tricep brachii
Arm Extends elbow Extends arm Adducts arm
50
Brachioradialis
Forearm | Flexes elbow
51
Pronator teres
Forearm | Pronates forearm
52
Supinator
Forearm | Supinates forearm
53
Gluteus maximus
Extends hip
54
Gluteus medius
Abducts thigh
55
Gluteus minimus
Abducts though
56
Piriformis
Abducts thigh
57
Tensor fasciae latae
Thigh Flexes hip Abducts Medially rotates thigh
58
Vastus Lateralis
Thigh | Help make up quadriceps
59
Rectus Femoris
Thigh | Help make up quadriceps
60
Sartorius
Thigh | Flexes hip and knee
61
Vastus medialis
Thigh | Help make up quadriceps
62
Vastus intermedius
Thigh | Help make up quadriceps
63
Hamstring
Semitendiosus Semimembranosus Biceps femoris
64
Gastrocnemius
Calve (posterior) | Plantar flexes foot and flexes knee
65
Soleus
Calve (posterior) | Plantar flexes foot
66
Tibialis anterior
Calve (anterior) | Dorsiflexes foot

Human Anatomy (8 decks)

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