The human organism

Question 1

Anatomy

Answer 1

Organisms structure

Question 2

Physiology

Answer 2

Organisms functions and processes

Question 3

Gross/Macroscopic anatomy

Answer 3

Studied without a microscope

Question 4

Regional anatomy

Answer 4

Type of gross/macroscopic anatomy

Studied area by area

Question 5

Systemic anatomy

Answer 5

Type of gross/macroscopic anatomy

Studied system by system

Question 6

Surface anatomy

Answer 6

Type of gross/macroscopic anatomy

Study the eternal form and its relation to deeper structures

Question 7

Microscopic anatomy

Answer 7

Structures seen without a microscope

Question 8

Cytology

Answer 8

Type of microscopic anatomy

Cellular anatomy

Question 9

Histology

Answer 9

Type of microscopic anatomy

Study of tissues

Question 10

Anatomical position

Answer 10

body erect, face forward, feet together, palms face forward

Question 11

Supine

Answer 11

lying face upwards

Question 12

Prone

Answer 12

lying face downwards

Question 13

Superior (cephalic)

Answer 13

A structure above another structure (closer to the head)

Question 14

Inferior (Caudal)

Answer 14

A structure below another structure (closer to the tail)

Question 15

Medial

Answer 15

A structure closer to the midline of the body

Question 16

Lateral

Answer 16

A structure further away from the midline of the body

Question 17

Anterior (ventral)

Answer 17

Closer to the front of the body (toward the belly)

Question 18

Posterior (dorsal)

Answer 18

Closer to the back of the body (toward the back)

Question 19

Proximal (linear structures - limbs)

Answer 19

Closer to the point of attachment to the body

Question 20

Distal (linear strucures - limbs)

Answer 20

Farther from the point of attachment to the body

Question 21

Superficial

Answer 21

Closer to the surface

Question 22

Deep

Answer 22

Farther away from the surface

Question 23

Planes

Answer 23

Separate the body

Question 24

Median plane

Answer 24

Through the vertical midline of the body (from face on)

Question 25

Sagittal plane

Answer 25

Vertical through the body but to the left or right of the median

Question 26

Frontal/Coronal plane

Answer 26

Through the vertical midline of the body (from side on) | Divides body into anterior and posterior

Question 27

Transverse/horizontal plane

Answer 27

Through horizontal midline of the body | Divides body into superior and inferior

Question 28

Oblique plane

Answer 28

Through the body but not at a right angle

Question 29

Biopsy

Answer 29

Branch of histology | Removal of tissue for diagnostic purposes

Question 30

Autopsy

Answer 30

Branch of histology | Examination of organs of a dead body to determine cause of death

Question 31

Epithelial tissue

Answer 31

Basement membrane Avascular Regenerate

Question 32

Functions of epithelial tissue

Answer 32

Protect underlying structures Act as barrier Secrete substances Absorb substances

Question 33

Connective tissue

Answer 33

Everything thats not muscle, nervous tissue or epithelial - includes blood Abundant Cells separated by extracellular matrix

Question 34

Avascular

Answer 34

No blood supply

Question 35

Functions of connective tissue

Answer 35

``` Tendons and ligaments Support and movement - bones Storage - fat Transport - blood Protect - cells of immune system ```

Question 36

Blasts

Answer 36

Cell of connective tissue Creates matrix Osteoblast - makes bone

Question 37

Cytes

Answer 37

Cell of connective tissue | Maintains matrix

Question 38

Clasts

Answer 38

Cell of connective tissue | Break matrix down for remodelling

Question 39

Adult connective tissue

Answer 39

Connective tissue proper Supporting connective tissue Fluid connective tissue

Question 40

Connective tissue proper

Answer 40

Loose | Dense

Question 41

Connective tissue proper - Loose

Answer 41

Areolar Adipose Reticular

Question 42

Connective tissue proper - Dense

Answer 42

Regular collagenous Regular elastic Irregular collagenous Irregular elsitc

Question 43

Supporting connective tissue

Answer 43

Cartilage | Bone

Question 44

Supporting connective tissue - Cartilage

Answer 44

Hyaline Fibrocartilage Elastic AVASCULAR

Question 45

Supporting connective tissue - Bone

Answer 45

Spongy | Compact

Question 46

Fluid connective tissue

Answer 46

Blood | Hemopoietic

Question 47

Fluid connective tissue - Blood

Answer 47

Red blood cells White blood cells Platelets

Question 48

Fluid connective tissue - Hemopoietic tissue

Answer 48

Red marrow | Yellow marrow

Question 49

Ossification

Answer 49

Formation of bone by osteoblasts

Question 50

Lacunae

Answer 50

Spaces occupied by osteocyte cell body

Question 51

Canaliculi

Answer 51

Canals occupied by osteocyte cell processes

Question 52

Woven bone

Answer 52

Collagen fibers randomly oriented | Formed during fatal development and fracture repair

Question 53

Remodelling

Answer 53

Removal of old bone and adding new | Even remodelled into lamellar

Question 54

Lamellar bone

Answer 54

Mature bone in sheets called lamellae Fibers oriented in one direction in each layer Each direction different layer

Question 55

Trabeculae

Answer 55

Interconnecting rods or plates of bone - like scaffolding

Question 56

Osteon system

Answer 56

Compact bone | Central canal

Question 57

Perforating canal

Answer 57

Compact bone | Perpendicular to long axis

Question 58

Diaphysis

Answer 58

Long bone structure Shaft Compact bone

Question 59

Epiphysis

Answer 59

Long bone structure End of bone Spongy bone

Question 60

Epiphyseal plate

Answer 60

Long bone structure | Growth plate

Question 61

Epiphyseal line

Answer 61

Long bone structure | Bone stops growing in length

Question 62

Medullary cavity

Answer 62

Long bone structure Red marrow in children Change to yellow in limb bones and skull

Question 63

Periosteum

Answer 63

Long bone structure Two outer layers of bone Outer - fibrous Inner - single layer bine cells

Question 64

Sharpey's fibres

Answer 64

Some periosteal fibres penetrate through periosteum into bone Strengthen attachment of tendon to bone

Question 65

Endosteum

Answer 65

Long bone structure More cellular than periosteum Lines internal spaces - includes spaces in spongy bone