Nervous System

Question 1

Functions

Answer 1

Sensory input
Integration 
Homeostasis 
Mental activity 
Control of muscles and glands

Question 2

Sensory input - function

Answer 2

Sensory receptors monster numerous external and internal stimuli

Question 3

Integration - function

Answer 3

Brain and spinal cord are major organs for processing sensory input and initiating responses

Question 4

Homeostasis - function

Answer 4

Nervous system regulates, coordinates and activates in order to maintain homeostasis

Question 5

Mental activity - function

Answer 5

Brian is the centre of mental activities, including consciousness, thinking ect

Question 6

Control of muscles and glands - functions

Answer 6

Nervous system controls the major movements of the body through the control of skeletal muscle

Question 7

Peripheral nervous system

Answer 7

Cranial nerves
Spinal nerves
Ganglia

Question 8

Ganglia

Answer 8

Neuron cell body collections outside CNS

Question 9

The brain is protected by

Answer 9

skull, the meninges and cerebrospinal fluid

Question 10

4 divisions of the brain

Answer 10

Cerebrum
Cerebellum
Diencephalon
Brainstem

Question 11

Spinal cord functions

Answer 11

Acts as a conduit for impulse conduction to and from the brain
Integrates incoming information and produces response through reflex mechanisms

Question 12

Spinal cord reflexes

Answer 12

No input from the brain
Stretch reflex
Golgi tendon reflex
Withdrawal reflex

Question 13

Peripheral nervous system subcategories

Answer 13

Sensory (afferent) division

Motor (efferent) division

Question 14

Sensory (afferent) division

Answer 14

Transmit electrical signals (action potentials) from sensory receptors to CNS

Question 15

Motor (efferent) division

Answer 15

Transmit action potentials from CNS to effector organs
Divided into the somatic NS and autonomic NS
Somatic system - transmit action potentials from CNS to skeletal muscle
ANS - transmits action potentials from the CNS to smooth and cardiac muscle and certain glands
ANS - subdivided into sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions

Question 16

Autonomic nervous system

Answer 16

Parasympathetic

Sympathetic

Question 17

Parasympathetic

Answer 17

Conservation of energy (rest and digest, feed and breed)
Selective regulation of visceral effectors
Visceral effects (slow HR)

Question 18

Sympathetic

Answer 18

Mobilisation of energy
Total activation of visceral effects
Visceral effects

Question 19

Cells of nervous system

Answer 19

Neurons

Supporting cells

Question 20

Neurons (nerve cells)

Answer 20

Basic structural and functional unit of the nervous system
Capable of generating and conducting an action potential
Communicate with other cells by means of a chemical or electrical synapse

Question 21

Supporting cells

Answer 21

Support, insulate and maintain neurons
Neuroglia in CNS
Schwann cells and satellite cells in PNS

Question 22

Neuron structure

Answer 22

Cell body
Axon
Dendrites

Question 23

Cell body

Answer 23

Houses the control centre

Contains a single relatively large nucleus

Question 24

Axon

Answer 24

A single axon conducts action potentials away from the neutron cell body
End of axon terminals which communicate with other cells by means of a chemical or electrical synapse
A nerve is a bundle of axons

Question 25

Dendrites

Answer 25

Conduct action potentials towards the neutron cell body

Question 26

Types of neurons

Answer 26

Multipolar Bipolar Unipolar

Question 27

Multipolar neurones

Answer 27

Many dendrites and single axon | Most of neurons within CNS and motor neurons

Question 28

Bipolar Neurons

Answer 28

One dendrite and 1 axon from cell body Specialised cells Located in some sensory organs

Question 29

Unipolar neurones

Answer 29

One process emerges from cell body Most sensory neurons Single process extending from body

Question 30

Sensory receptors

Answer 30

``` Chemoreceptors Photoreceptors Thermoreceptors Mechanoreceptors Nocireceptors ```

Question 31

Chemoreceptors

Answer 31

Generate action potential in repose to specific chemical stimuli

Question 32

Photoreceptors

Answer 32

Generate action potentials in response to visible light

Question 33

Thermoreceptors

Answer 33

Generate action potentials in response to temperature

Question 34

Mechanoreceptors

Answer 34

Generate action potentials in response to physical force

Question 35

Nocireceptors

Answer 35

Generate action potentials in response to tissue/cell damage

Question 36

Reflex arc components

Answer 36

``` Sensory receptor Afferent/sensory neuron Association/inter neuron Efferent/motor neuron Effector organ ```

Question 37

Spinal cord reflexes

Answer 37

Stretch Golgi tendon reflex Withdrawal reflex

Question 38

Stretch reflex

Answer 38

Simplest Maintains posture Knee-jerk reflex

Question 39

Golgi tendon reflex

Answer 39

Prevents excessive pressure to tendons Reflex not always adequate for athletes Weight lifters suddenly dropping heavy weight

Question 40

Withdrawal reflex

Answer 40

Remove limb from pain