Muscles and Tendons Flashcards
(13 cards)
What are the three types of muscles?
Voluntary or Skeletal Muscle
Involuntary Muscle
Cardiac Muscle
Voluntary Muscle
Attached to the skeleton
Gives the body shape and allows movement
Under conscious control
Used to perform all sporting skills
Involuntary Muscle
Not under conscious control
Found in the wall of the intestine (peristalsis) and blood vessels (vasoconstriction)
Operate automatically
Cardiac Muscle
Found in the walls of the heart
Never fatigue
Operate automatically and constantly
What are the two types of muscles fibres and what are the differences between them?
Fast twitch and Slow twitch
Fast twitch fibres are suited for activities of rapid movements, such as sprinting. The type of respiration used is anaerobic
Slow twitch fibres are suited for activities requiring endurance, such as long distance running
The type of respiration used is aerobic
What are the three types of muscle contractions?
Isotonic
Isometric
Isokinetic
What is isotonic eccentric?
Where the fibres contract as the muscle lengthens.
What is isotonic concentric?
Where the fibres contract as the muscle shortens.
Example: When kicking a football, the quadriceps muscle contracts concentrically to straighten the knee and the hamstrings contract eccentrically to decelerate the motion of the lower limb.
What is isometric?
These occur when there is no change in the length of the contracting muscle.
Example: Performing a handstand; pushing in a scrum.
What is isokinetic?
These are similar to isotonic in that the muscle changes length during the contraction. Where they differ is that isotonic contractions produce movements of a constant speed.
Example: Breast stroke
Ligaments attach …… to ……
bone to bone
Tendons attach ……. to …….
Muscle to bone
Cartilage acts as a ……
Shock absorber
