Skeletal System Flashcards
(21 cards)
Functions of the skeleton
– shape and support
– movement
– protection
– blood production
Types of Bone and Examples
Long bones – Femur, Ulna, Radius, Tibia
Short bones – Carpals, Phalanges, Tarsals
Irregular bones – Vertebrae, Mandible
Flat bones – Scapula, Pelvis, Cranium
What is a joint?
A joint is where two or more bones meet
What are the types of joints?
Fixed joints, cartilaginous joints, synovial joints
Characteristics and examples of fixed joints (fibrous joints)
No possible movement
Protects organs
Bones held by fibrous connective tissue
Eg cranium
Characteristics of cartilaginous joints (slightly moveable)
Bone use cartilage as padding
Only limited movement possible
No joint cavity
Eg Spine
Characteristics of synovial joints (freely moveable)
Varying joint construction
Different construction allows different ranges of movement
Movement differs due to joint shape, arrangement of muscle tendons and ligaments
Eg Hip, knee, ankle
Types of synovial joints
Ball and socket Joint Hinge Joint Pivot Joint Condyloid Joint Gliding Joint Saddle Joint
Ball and socket Joint
E.g. Hip and Shoulder
Flexion and Extension
Abduction and Adduction
Rotation
Hinge Joint
E.g. Elbow and Knee
Flexion and Extension
Pivot Joint, examples and movement
E.g. Neck
Flexion and Extension
Abduction and Adduction
Rotation
Condyloid Joint, examples and movement
E.g. Wrist
Flexion and Extension
Abduction and Adduction
Gliding Joint, examples and movement
E.g. Vertebra
Carpal bones
Sliding motion
Saddle Joint, examples and movement
E.g. Thumb
Flexion and Extension
Abduction and Adduction
What are the types of movement?
Flexion Extension Abduction Adduction Rotation
What is flexion and an example of flexion
Reduction in Joint angle
The bending of a limb
Example: Bending of the knees, ready to jump
What is extension and an example of extension
Increase in Joint angle
Straightening of a limb
Example: Straightening of the knees, as you take off to jump
What is abduction and an example of abduction
Movement away from the midline of the body
Example: Golf swinging
What is adduction and an example of adduction
Movement towards the midline of the body
Example: Golf swinging
What is rotation and an example of rotation
Movement around the longitudinal axis
Example: Butterfly stroke – movement of arms
What are the connective tissues and their function
Ligament: Connects bone to bone. Bonds of fibre help to keep joins stable and stop any unwanted movement.
Cartilage: Shock absorber. Tough but flexible tissue found at the end of bones.
Tendons: Connects muscle to bone. Very strong, non elastic cords.
