muscles gluteal and lower limbs

Question 1

Between Iliac crest & bottom of
buttock
* Posterior and lateral to pelvis
bone
* Nerve pass through gluteal
region to lower limb.

Answer 1

gluteal region

Question 2

transition points on the leg

Answer 2

Similar to Upper Limb, 3 transition
points where nerves, blood vessels
and lymphatics pass through to the
distal limb.

Question 3

Extensors, Rotators, and
Abductors of the hip joint

Answer 3

muscles of gluteal region

Question 4

know the actions of the lower limbs

Question 5

flexors of the hip joint at muscles of which region

Answer 5

gluteal

Question 5

superficial gluteal region consists of ____

Answer 5

gluteus maximus

Question 6

whats a large superficial muscle in posterior
gluteal region
* A broad origin extending from the
ilium the dorsal surface of the lower
sacrum and the lateral surface of
the coccyx also attached to fascia
overlying the gluteus medius

Answer 6

gluteaus maximus

Question 7

what
* Inserts in fascia lata and femur
* Extensor of thigh from seated
position
* Innervated by inferior gluteal nerve
(Lumbosacral plexus)

Answer 7

gluteaus maximus

Question 8

describe tensor fascia latae in terms of its role in extending the knee

Answer 8

Stabilizes the knee in extension by acting
on a specialized longitudinal band of deep
fascia (the iliotibial tract) that passes
down the lateral side of the thigh to
attach to the proximal end of the tibia in
the leg.

Question 9

whats the lliotibal band syndrome

Answer 9

Inflammation of the IT band as a result
of overuse
* Develops in response to repeated
compression on the outside of the knee
or swelling of the fat pad between the
bone and the tendon on the side of the
knee
* Often found in runners/cyclists

Question 10

originates from
the external surface of the ilium,
between the inferior gluteal line
and the anterior gluteal line. The
muscle fibers converge inferiorly
and laterally to form a tendon,
which inserts greater trochanter of
the Femur.

Answer 10

gluteaus minimus

Question 11

what is innervated by the superior guteal nerve (lumbosacral plexus )

Answer 11

gluteus minimus

Question 12

what overlies gluteus minimus

Answer 12

gluteus medius

Question 13

what is fan shaped and Broad
origin from the external surface of the
ilium and inserts on the greater trochanter
of the Femur

Answer 13

gluteaus medius

Question 14

which muscles abduct the lower limb at the hip joint and
reduce pelvic drop over the opposite
swing limb during walking by securing the
position of the pelvis on the stance limb.

Answer 14

gluteaus medius and minimus

Question 15

what is innervated by superior gluteal nerve
(Lumbosacral plexus).

Answer 15

gluteaus medius

Question 16

this occurs in people with weak or paralyzed
abductor muscles (gluteus medius and gluteus minimus) of the hip

Answer 16

Trendelenburg’s sign

Question 17

what sign is demonstrated by asking the patient to stand on one limb.
When the patient stands on the affected limb, the pelvis severely
drops over the swing limb.
* Positive signs are typically found in patients with damage to the
superior gluteal nerve

Answer 17

Trendelenburg’s Sign

Question 18

which muscle is most superior of
the deep group of muscles and is a muscle
of the pelvic wall and of the gluteal region

• think deep gluteal region

Answer 18

piriformis

Question 19

what originates on the sacrum and passes
laterally and inferiorly through the greater
sciatic foramen. Inserts on the Femur

Answer 19

piriformis

its in the deep gluteal region

Question 20

what divides greater sciatic foramen
Causes lateral rotation of thigh
Innervated by sacral plexus

Answer 20

piriformis

Question 21

which muscles originate on the posterior abdominal wall
and descend into the upper part of the
anterior compartment of the thigh

Answer 21

psoas major and iliacus

Question 22

illiapsoas muscle

Answer 22

A powerful flexor of the thigh at the hip
joint and lateral rotation of the thigh.

• The psoas major is innervated by anterior
  rami of L1 to L3 and iliacus is innervated by
  femoral nerve

Question 23

femoral nerve is located in L2-4 what does its distribution include

Answer 23

quadriceps sartorius pectineus illoposas muscles

skin of the antermedial thigh and medial surface of the leg and foot

Question 24

obturator nerve is located in L2-4 what does its distribution include

Answer 24

gracillis and adductor magnus brevis and longus muscles skin from the medial surface of the thigh

Question 25

semimembranous semitendinosus adductor magnus muscles branches into tibial and fibular nerves

Answer 25

sciatic L4-S2

Question 26

passes below piriformis deep to gluteus maximus traveling to posterior thigh, leg & foot. * Very important nerve passing in inferior medial quadrant of buttocks

Answer 26

sciatic nerve

Question 27

what is the site for an intramuscular injection

Answer 27

gluteal region important to avoid sciatic nerve when doing this

Question 28

passes below piriformis in greater sciatic foramen and enters perineum

Answer 28

pudendal nerve

Question 29

what is the safest place to inject intramuscular injection

Answer 29

upper outer quadrant of either gluteal region

Question 30

know femoral triangle

Question 31

think innervation of lower limb where does femoral nerve innervate

Answer 31

anterior thigh

Question 32

where does obturaator nerve innervate

Answer 32

medial thigh

Question 33

sciatic nerve innervates what

Answer 33

posterior thigh leg and foot

Question 34

tibial nerve innervates

Answer 34

posterior leg and foot

Question 35

common fibular nerve innervates

Answer 35

anterior and lateral leg, foot

Question 36

know compartments of the thighslide 27

Question 37

what is compartment syndrome

Answer 37

when there is swelling within a fascial enclosed muscle compartment in the limbs

Question 38

what are some causes of compartment syndrome

Answer 38

limb trauma, intracompartment hemorrhage, and limb compression. * As pressure within the compartment elevates, capillary blood flow and tissue perfusion is compromised, which can ultimately lead to neuromuscular damage if not treated.

Question 39

anterior compartment Sartorius & Quadriceps Femoris—(vastus medialis, intermedius, and lateralis and rectus femoris)

Question 40

The large quadriceps femoris muscle consists of three vastus muscles

Answer 40

vastus medialis, vastus intermedius, and vastus lateralis) and the rectus femoris muscle. * Innervated by Femoral Nerve

Question 41

muscle crosses both the hip and the knee joints

Answer 41

rectus femoris

Question 42

rectus femoris has two tendinous heads of origin from the pelvic bone:

Answer 42

From the anterior inferior iliac spine (straight head) 2. The other from the ilium superior to the acetabulum

Question 43

the ________ tendon continues below the patella to form the _________ and is attached above to the patella and below to the tibia

Answer 43

quadriceps femoris patella ligament and is attached above to the patella and below to the tibia

Question 44

originate from the femur, attaches first to the patella by the quadriceps femoris tendon and then to the tibia by the patellar ligament

Answer 44

vastus muscles

Question 44

rectus femoris extends

Answer 44

knee and flexes hip

Question 45

The vastus medialis is most medial * The vastus intermedius is in the center * The vastus lateralis is the largest of the vastus muscles and most lateral. * All extend ______ (not hip)

Answer 45

knee

Question 46

____ meaning tailor

Answer 46

sartorius

Question 46

which muscle is most superficial muscle in the anterior compartment of the thigh and is a long strap-like muscle that descends obliquely through the thigh from the iliac spine to the medial surface of the tibia

Answer 46

sartorius muscle

Question 47

which muscle Flexes knee & hip, lateral rotation & abduction of hip. * Innervated by the femoral nerve.

Answer 47

sartorius

Question 48

gracilis, pectineus, adductor longus, adductor brevis, adductor magnus, and obturator externus

Answer 48

medial compartment of the thigh

Question 49

gracilis, pectineus, adductor longus, adductor brevis, adductor magnus, and obturator externus

Answer 49

mainly adduct the thigh at the hip joint; the adductor muscles also medially rotate the thigh. * Obturator externus is a lateral rotator of the thigh at the hip joint. * Most innervated by the obturator nerve

Question 50

innervated by the femoral nerve, part of the adductor magnus innervated by the sciatic nerve

Answer 50

pectineus

Question 51

posterior compartment of lower limbs has three muscles called "hamstrings"

Answer 51

Semitendinosus * Semimembranosus * Biceps femoris * Innervated by sciatic nerve

Question 52

Forms a long tendon, which lies on the semimembranosus muscle and curves around the medial condyle of the tibia and inserts into the medial surface of the tibia.

Answer 52

semitendinosus

Question 53

medial to the biceps femoris muscle. It originates with the long head of the biceps femoris muscle from the ischial tuberosity.

Answer 53

semitendinosus

Question 54

Flexes the leg at the knee joint and extends the thigh at the hip joint. Also medially rotates the thigh at the hip joint and medially rotates the leg at the knee joint.

Answer 54

semitendinosus

Question 55

Innervated by the tibial nerve (sciatic nerve).

Answer 55

semitendinosus

Question 56

muscle is lateral in the posterior compartment of the thigh and has two heads – long head & short head

Answer 56

biceps femoris

Question 57

biceps femoris

Answer 57

Fibers from the two heads form a tendon, which is palpable on the lateral side of the distal thigh. The main part of the tendon inserts into the lateral surface of the fibul

Question 58

Flexes the leg at the knee joint. The long head also extends and laterally rotates the hip. When the knee is partly flexed, the biceps femoris can laterally rotate the leg at the knee joint * Innervated by Sciatic nerve

Answer 58

biceps femoris

Question 59

common source of pain in athletes, particularly in those competing in sports such as sprinting, track and field, football by injury from excessive stretching

Answer 59

injury to the hamstring muscles The injury can range from a mild muscle strain to a complete tear of a muscle or a tendon. * Both ultrasound and MRI can be used to assess the hamstring injur

Question 60

major contents are the popliteal artery, the popliteal vein, and the tibial and common fibular nerves (sciatic nerve)

Answer 60

popliteal fossa

Question 60

Pes Anserinus On Medial Knee

Answer 60

* Gracilis – medial compartment * Semitendinosus – posterior compartment * Sartorius – Anterior compartment

Question 61

muscles in the _____ compartment predominantly evert the foot

Answer 61

lateral

Question 62

muscles in the ____ compartment dorsiflex the foot and extend the digits

Answer 62

anterior

Question 63

muscles in the ____ compartment plantarflex the foot and flex the digits

Answer 63

posterior

Question 64

know leg compartments slide 44 lower limbs

Question 65

know superficial muscles slide 45

Question 66

the most superficial and one of the largest muscles in the leg. Originates from two heads, one lateral and one medial, form the ‘calf

Answer 66

gastrocnemius muscle

Question 67

Origin on posterior femur * Muscle fibers converge with deeper soleus muscle to form the calcaneal tendon which attaches to the calcaneus (heel) of the foot

Answer 67

gastrocnemius

Question 68

The gastrocnemius plantarflexes the foot at the ankle joint and can also flex

Answer 68

the lg at the knee joint innervated by the tibial nerve

Question 69

small muscle belly and a long thin tendon, which descends and joins the calcaneal tendon. Origin on the femur inserts at calcaneus

Answer 69

plantaris posterior superficial muscle

Question 70

Causes plantarflexion of the foot at the ankle joint and flexion of the leg at the knee joint. * Innervated by the tibial nerve.

Answer 70

plantaris

Question 71

large flat muscle under the gastrocnemius muscle. It is attached to the proximal ends of the fibula and tibia

Answer 71

soleus

Question 72

lower leg, _____ muscle narrows to join the calcaneal tendon that attaches to the calcaneus. * Also plantarflexes the foot at the ankle joint. * It is innervated by the tibial nerve

Answer 72

soleus

Question 73

popliteus, flexor hallucis longus, flexor digitorum longus, and tibialis posterior

Answer 73

four muscles in the deep posterior compartment of the leg

Question 74

muscle acts on the knee, whereas the other three muscles act mainly on the foot. Innervated by the tibial nerve

Answer 74

popliteus

Question 75

Inversion and plantarflexion (weak)

Answer 75

Tibialis posterior

Question 76

Tendons extend into plantar surface to phalanges * Flexion of toes

Answer 76

Flexor digitorum longus and hallucis longus

Question 77

Fibularis longus and brevis * Eversion of ankle

Answer 77

lateral compartment

Question 78

Attaches to medial foot * Dorsiflexion and inversion of foot

Answer 78

tibialis anterior

Question 79

hallucis longus * Dorsiflexion and extension of toes

Answer 79

Extensor digitorum longus

Question 80

intrinsic and extrinsic muscle control * Innervation from tibial and common fibular nerve branches * Arterial arch of blood supply * Tarsal tunnel * Posterior tibial artery * Tibial nerv

Answer 80

foot