PNS and lymphatics

Question 1

visceral ( unconscious involuntary) motor neurons innervate _____

Answer 1

glands and cardiac smooth muscle

Question 2

voluntary conscious somatic inniverate

Answer 2

skelatal muscles

Question 3

Cranial nerves are in the PNS - 12 pairs where do they exit

Answer 3

They exit from posterior cerebrum

Question 3

peripheral nerves exit through spinal nerves

Answer 3

C1-C8
T1-T12
L1-5
S1-S5

Question 4

front (afferent)

Answer 4

dorsal / posterior

Question 5

back (efferent)

Answer 5

anterior. ventricle

Question 6

rootlet
root
spinal nerve
rami

Answer 6

efferent

Question 7

rami
spinal nerve
dorsal root ganglion
root
rootlet

Answer 7

afferent

Question 8

does the ventral root have a ganglion

Answer 8

no

Question 8

do efferent and afferent both pass through spinal nerve

Answer 8

yes

Question 9

spinal segment of the ventral.anterior root carries what type of info

Answer 9

motor. efferent only
somatic + visceral

Question 10

dorsal posterior root

Answer 10

sensory afferent only
somatic + visceral

Question 11

spinal segment spinal nerve

Answer 11

both

Question 12

A layer of connective tissue that surrounds axons.

Answer 12

endonerium

Question 13

The outermost layer of dense, irregular connective tissue surrounding a peripheral nerve.

Answer 13

epinerium

Question 13

A small bundle of nerve fibers enclosed by the perineurium

Answer 13

fascicles

Question 14

visceral motor nerve is autonomic or somatic

Answer 14

autonomic

Question 15

what are the 4 plexus and what do they serve

Answer 15

Cervical Plexus —Serves the Head, Neck and Shoulders.
Brachial Plexus—Serves the Chest, Shoulders, Arms and Hands.
Lumbar Plexus—Serves the Back, Abdomen, Groin, Thighs, Knees, and Calves.
Sacral Plexus—Serves the Pelvis, Buttocks, Genitals, Thighs, Calves, and Feet.

Question 16

spinal nerve of the cervical segment. It originates from the spinal cord It contributes nerve fibers to the phrenic nerve, the motor nerve to the thoracoabdominal diaphragm

Answer 16

C4

Question 17

The oculomotor nerve
It allows movement of the eye muscles, constriction of the pupil, focusing the eyes and the position of the upper eyelid. Cranial nerve III works with other cranial nerves to control eye movements and support sensory functioning

Answer 17

C3

Question 18

Cervical nerve 5 controls the deltoid muscles of your shoulders and your biceps. C5 provides sensation to the upper part of your upper arm down to your elbow

Answer 18

C5

Question 19

brachial plexus C5-T1 - ventral rami

Question 20

The musculocutaneous nerve is a terminal branch of the lateral cord of the brachial plexus that carries fibers of cervical spinal nerves five through

Answer 20

C5, C6, C7

Question 21

The fifth and final level of the brachial plexus are the five nerves that feed the shoulder and arm called “branches.” These five branches are named the

Answer 21

musculocutaneous, axillary, radial, median, and ulnar nerves.

these are innovating upper limbs

Question 22

Lumbar plexus is

Answer 22

T12-L4

Question 23

femoral nerve is L2-4

Answer 23

major nerve supplying the anterior compartment of the thigh. the largest branch of the lumbar plexus, and arises from the dorsal divisions of the ventral rami of the second, third, and fourth lumbar nerves (L2, L3, and L4

Question 24

sacral plexus begins as the anterior fibres of the spinal nerves S1, S2, S3, and S4. They are joined by the 4th and 5th lumbar roots

Question 25

The sciatic nerve is formed in the lower spine by the combination of

Answer 25

L4-S3

Question 26

The autonomic system usually is defined as a motor system that innervates three major types of tissue:

Answer 26

cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, and glands

Question 27

Synapses of the autonomic system are classified as either cholinergic, meaning that acetylcholine (ACh) is released, or adrenergic, meaning that norepinephrine is released.

Question 28

pre ganglionic is short and post is long

Answer 28

sympathetic

Question 29

pre ganglionic is long and post is short

Answer 29

parasympathetic

Question 30

The vagus nerve represents the main component of the

Answer 30

parasympathetic nervous system, which oversees a vast array of crucial bodily functions, including control of mood, immune response, digestion, and heart rat

Question 31

INCREASE HR AND CONTRACTILITY INHBITS DIGESTION AND DEFECATION GI BRONCHI DILATION BLADDER INHIBITS URINATION PUPIL DILATION BLOOD VESSELS INCREASES TONE GENETALIA EJACULATION SKIN SWEATING PILOERCTION

Answer 31

SYMPATHETIC FLIGHT OR FLIGHT

Question 32

DECREASES HEART RATE GI PROMOTES DIGESTION AND DEFECATION BRONCHI CONSTRICTION BLADDER PROMOTES URINATION PUPIL CONSTRICTION AND LENS ACCOMMODATE FOR NEAR VISION GENITALIA ERECTION

Answer 32

PARASYMPATHETIC REST AND DIGEST

Question 33

The paravertebral ganglia of the sympathetic chain run on either side of the vertebral bodies and include

Answer 33

the cervical ganglia, thoracic ganglia, lumbar ganglia, and pelvic ganglia.

Question 34

As part of the sympathetic system, white rami originate from the

Answer 34

thoracolumbar (T1 to L2) vertebral outflows

Question 35

a neuronal structure which connects the autonomic sympathetic trunk with the anterior ramus of a spinal nerve and allows for the passage of post-ganglionic sympathetic neurons

Answer 35

gray ramus

Question 36

explain pathway of sympathetic nerves PARAvertebral aka sympathetic chain ganglia , sympathetic trunk

Answer 36

from the sympathetic trunk: -exit at the same spinal segment as origination via grey ramus and go to the periphery -travel up/down the sympathetic trunk to a different spinal segment than origination and exit via the gray ramus to periphery - travel up / down the sympathetic trunk of leave same segment to visceral organs via splanchnic nerve or cardiopulmonary nerve

Question 37

PARA vetebral is either or and both side of vertebral column PRE veterbral ganglia is anterior to

Answer 37

vertebra column

Question 38

anything thoracic cavity and up will synapse at _____ chain ganglia

Answer 38

sympathetic division (T1-L2 thoracolumbar)

Question 39

Splanchnic is usually used to describe organs in the abdominal cavity.

Answer 39

splanchic nerves are pre ganglionic they have NOT synapsted yet

Question 40

cardiopulmanory nerves are ___ ganglionic

Answer 40

post

Question 41

the superior mesenteric ganglion innervates the small intestine; and the inferior mesenteric ganglion innervates

Answer 41

descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum, urinary bladder, and sexual organs

Question 42

The inferior mesenteric ganglia innervate the hindgut

Answer 42

the distal third of the transverse colon, the descending and sigmoid colon, and the upper two-thirds of the anorectal canal.

Question 43

Celiac ganglia are nerve bundles located in the upper abdomen as part of the autonomic nervous system that is functionally responsible for

Answer 43

innervating the digestive tract and abdominal visceral tissue

Question 44

think about traveling nerves heart thoracic synapse in ____ abdominopelvic synapse at ____

Answer 44

chain ganglia prevertebral ganglia

Question 45

anything innvervating thoracic cavity will synapse in

Answer 45

PARA vetebral ganglion which forms the cardiopulmonary nerves

Question 46

does abdominopelvic cavity synapse?

Answer 46

no it travels and exits at spinal cord it travels along white ramus, exit along splanchnic nerves

Question 47

what are the three main splanchnic nerve

Answer 47

thoracic: foregut/midgut of abdominal cavity, adrenal gland, kidneys lumbar: hindgut of abdominal cavity - pelvis sacral splanchnic - pelvis

Question 48

The PREvertebral ganglia lie ventral to the aorta and are named for the vessels near which they lie; thus they are called

Answer 48

celiac, superior mesenteric, and inferior mesenteric ganglia.

Question 49

what does celiac ganglia supply

Answer 49

foregut

Question 50

superior mesenteric ganglia supplies

Answer 50

midgut

Question 51

inferior mesenteric ganglia supplies

Answer 51

hindgut

Question 52

the cells of the adrenal medulla are considered modified sympathetic postganglionic neurons. Instead of a neurotransmitter, these cells release hormones into the blood.

Answer 52

20% of the hormonal output of the adrenal medulla is norepinephrine. The remaining 80% is epinephrine

Question 53

parasymapthetic exits CNS at cranial and _____ it is ____ neurons

Answer 53

sacral regions preganglionic they DO NOT go through para or pre veterbral ganglia

Question 54

Cranial nerves major contribution of

Answer 54

parasym innveration to visceral organs comes from CNX vagus nerve

Question 55

Sacral splanchnic are ____

Answer 55

sympathetic

Question 56

thoracic lumbar and sacral splanchins synpase

Answer 56

pre vertebral ganglia

Question 57

thoracic splanchnis are ___

Answer 57

pre ganglionic

Question 58

Vagus CNS is

Answer 58

preganglionic and parasym

Question 59

thoracic cavity -cardiopulmonary is ____

Answer 59

post ganglionic

Question 60

remember that splanchnic nerves are always _____

Answer 60

preganglionic

Question 61

sensory for reflexes follow parasympathetic but sensory for pain/irritation follow

Answer 61

sympathetic - white ramus to dorsal root

Question 62

Auerbach plexus is one of two significant components of the enteric nervous system

Answer 62

it is a collection of interconnected neurons that spans from the esophagus to the rectum.

Question 63

Submucosal plexus (a.k.a. Meissner plexus) refers to a local circuitry of neurons and ganglia which is situated within the gut wall (from esophagus to the rectum). It is situated within

Answer 63

submucosa and innervates the smooth muscle of the gut

Question 64

state the function of lymphatic tissue

Answer 64

drain interstitial fluid (involved in the metastasis of cancer cells) transport dietary lipids protect against invasion focus on #1 as 10% of plasma fluid does not return into systemic circulation via normal venous return

Question 65

lymph is unevenly distributed throughout the body it is found everywhere except

Answer 65

avascular tissues like cartilage epidermis cornea of eye portions of spleen red bone marrow

Question 66

what happens when theres increased hydrostatic pressure reduced capillary oncotic pressure increased tissue oncotic pressure increased blood vessel wall pearmeability obstruction of fluid clearance changes in water retaining properties of tissue

Answer 66

edema

Question 67

Anterior cervical: (includes jugulodigastric) drains

Answer 67

posterior pharynx, tonsils, thyroid gland, throat. Classically enlarged in CMV infections, infectious mononucleosis and toxoplasmosis.

Question 68

Posterior cervical: drains scalp and neck, thorax, cervical and axillary nodes. Tonsillar: drains tonsils and posterior pharynx. Submental: drains lower lip, floor of mouth, tip of tongue and cheeks.

Answer 68

Submandibular: drains floor of mouth, submandibular gland, tongue, lips, conjunctivae. Supraclavicular: drains mediastinum, lungs, esophagus, abdomen via thoracic duct