MUSCOSKELETAL Flashcards by Alicia Moir

What is the definition of a sagital plane?

Separates left and right

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What is the definition of a coronal plane?

Separates front and back

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What is the definition of a transverse plane?

Separates top and bottom

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What axes of rotation does the sagital plane have?

Coronal axis

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What axes of rotation does the coronal plane have?

sagittal axis

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What axes of rotation does the transverse plane have?

Vertical axis

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Superior defintion?

Towards the head

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Inferior definition?

Away from the head

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Medial definition?

Towards the midline

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Lateral definition?

Away from the midline

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Anterior definition?

Front of body

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Posterior definiton?

Back of body

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Proximal definiton?

Closer to point of attachment

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Distal definiton?

Further away from point of attachment

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Superficial definiton?

Towards body surface/skin

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Deep definiton?

Away from surface, further into skin

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What is a plasma membrane?

Skin barrier, the outer boundary of a cell that separates its contents from the external environment.

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Ribosomes job? (Non membranous)

synethsize proteins, attaches to ER

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Cytoskeleton job? (Non membranous)

Maintain shape or cell skeleton, protein framework

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Microvilli job? (Non membranous)

Increase surface area and help with absorption

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Mitochondria job? (Membranous)

Powerhouse, produce energy for white ells

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Nucleus job? (Membranous)

Cells control centre

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Endoplasmic reticulum job and what are the two types? what are the differences? (Membranous)

Produce proteins, smooth ER lacks ribosomes (synthesize and concentrate various substances needed by the cell) and rough ER has ribosomes (function = Make the proteins)

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Golgi apparatus job?

Process, package and modify proteins

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Lysosomes and peroxisomes jobs?

Breaks down waste

Phospholipid bilayer?

Physical barrier, isolates the cell from surrounding environment.

What are the 4 ways to pass through plasma membrane?

Diffusion, channels, carrier proteins, vesicles.

How do we get different types of cells?

Cell theory, fertilised ovum, cell division.

Four different basic tissues in the human body?

Epithelial, connective, muscle, neural tissues

What are the 3 arrangements of epithelia

Squamous, cuboidal, columnar

What are the three types of bone tissue?

Oestoblasts ("builders"), Osteoclasts ("Crumblers"), Osteocytes ("Maintainers")

Classification of bones (4)

Flat, Long, irregular, short.

Joints of the body (3)

Fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial

What are the two synovial joint ligaments?

Capsular ligaments (Intrinsic) intracapsular ligaments (Extrinsic)

What movements occur in the coronal plane?

Abduction and Adduction

What movements occur in sagittal plane?

Flexion and Extension

What movements occur in the transverse plane?

Rotation and limbs

What is pronation and supination?

Pro = palm down Sup = palm up

What is inversion and eversion?

Inversion = sole turned inwards Eversion = sole turned outwards

What is opposition?

Thumb towards the surface of palm/pinky finger

What is dorsiflexion and planterflexion?

Dorsiflexion = Ankle flexion, pointed upwards Planterflexion = Ankle extension, pointed downwards

What is a third class lever?

Where the force is located between the load and the fulcrum, eg: bicep curls the bicep brachii is located between the weight of the dumbell and the elbow joint.

What movements occur at a plane joint?

Sliding and gliding eg = Inter carpal, inter tarsal joints

What movements occur at a hinge joint?

Flexion and extension eg = Ankle and elbow

What movements occur at a pivot joint?

Flexion, extension and rotation eg = Radio ulnar joints

What movements occur at a Condylar joint?

flexion, Extension and rotation when flexed eg = knee

What movements occur at an ellipsoid joint?

Flexion, extension, abduction, adduction eg = wrist

What movements occur at a saddle joint?

Flexion, extension abduction and adduction eg = thumb

What movements occur at a ball and socket joint?

Flexion, extension abduction, adduction and rotation eg = shoulder and hip

What is concentric action?

Shortening role = agonist

What is eccentric action?

lengthening role = antagonist

What is isometric action?

Maintaining length, role synergist/stabilser

Two shoulder bones?

clavicle and scapula

Two shoulder joints?

Sternoclavicular and acromioclavicular

Two muscles that move the shoulder

Trapezius and pectoralis minor

Three bones on the arm and forearm?

Humerus, Radius, Ulna

Two joints of the arm?

Glenohumeral (shoulder) and elbow

Two forearm joints?

proximal radioulna joint and distal radioulna joint

Two joints of the radiocarpal (wrist)?

Radius (distal) and carpals (proximal row)

8 carpal bones

Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetrum, Pisiform, Trapezium, Trapezoid, Capitate, Hamate.

What are the joints of the hands and fingers? (4)

Intercarpal, carpometacarpal, metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal joint

Two muscles that move the shoulder joint?

Deltoid and pectoralis major

Two muscles that move the elbow joint?

Biceps brachii and triceps brachii

Muscle that moves the forearm into supination?

Biceps brachii, supinator

Muscle that moves forearm into pronation?

Pronator teres, pronator quadratus.

what are the flexor muscle groups of the wrist? (3) (superficial anterior)

- flexor carpi radialis (FCR) - flexor carpi ulnaris (FCU) - palmaris longus (PL)

what are the extension muscle groups of the wrist? (3) (superficial posterior)

- extensor carpi radialis longus (ECRL) - extensor carpi radialis brevis (ECRB) - extensor carpi ulnaris (ECU)

5 bones of the glueteal region (pelvis)

llium, ishium, pubis, sacrum, coccyx

Bones of the thigh and leg region (4)

Femur, patella, tibia, fibula

Knee joint ligaments (collateral) (2)

Medial (tibial) prevents abduction lateral (fibular) prevents adduction

Knee joint ligaments (Cruciate) (2)

Anterior (ACL) prevents anterior sliding of tibia Posterior (PCL) prevents posterior sliding of tibia

What is menisci?

Fibocartilage pads/cups attached to tibia. Function = increase stability.

How many tarsals?

Seven

What is the bone of the ankle called?

Talus

What is the bone of the heel called?

Calcaneus

What is the ankle joint called?

Talocrural joint (hinge)

Two joints of the foot and toes

Metatarsophalangeal and interphalangeal

what two muscles make up the lliopsas?

Illacus and psoas major

What are the muscles that move the hip joint? (4)

lliopsas, fectus femoris, gluteus maximus, hamstrings

Muscles that move the knee joint? (3)

Quadriceps femoris, hamstrings, gastrocnemius.

What three muscles make up the triceps surance?

Gastrocnemius, soleus, plantris.

Muscles that move the ankle joint? (2)

Tibialis anterior and triceps surance

MUSCOSKELETAL Flashcards

(82 cards)