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Anatomy and Physiology Lecture > Muscular System > Flashcards

Muscular System Flashcards

1
Q

an organ system consisting of skeletal,

smooth and cardiac muscles

A

Muscular system

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2
Q

what stores substances in smooth muscles?

A

Sphincter

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3
Q 
movement of food in the 
gastrointestinal tract (GIT)
A

Peristalsis

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4
Q

function of the cardiac muscle

A

pumps blood`

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5
Q

Production of heat as the muscle

contracts

A

Thermogenesis

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6
Q

Involuntary contraction of cells

A

shivering

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7
Q

The ability of the muscular tissue to respond to certain stimuli by producing electrical signals called “action
potentials”

A

ELECTRICAL EXCITABILITY

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8
Q

The ability of muscular tissue to contract
forcefully when stimulated by an action
potential.

A

CONTRACTILITY

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9
Q

The ability of muscular tissue to stretch,

within limits, without being damaged.

A

EXTENSIBILITY

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10
Q

The ability of muscular tissue to return to its
original length and shape after contraction
or extension.

A

ELASTICITY

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11
Q

Are attached to bones by tendons, and they
produce all the movements of body parts in
relation to each other and under voluntary control

A

SKELETAL MUSCLE

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12
Q

another term for subcutaneous layer in skeletal muscle

A

hypodermis

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13
Q

components of the subcutaneous layer

A

Areolar connective tissue

Adipose tissue

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14
Q

Provides entry for nerves and blood vessels

and Insulates muscle and protects from trauma

A

subcutaneous layer

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15
Q 
Dense sheet or broad band of irregular
connective tissue
 Lines the body wall and limbs 
 Supports and surrounds muscles and other 
organs
A

fascia

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16
Q

Broad, flat sheet

A

aponeurosis

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17
Q

Outermost layer of connective tissue
 Consist of dense connective tissue
 Encircles the entire muscle

A

epimysium

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18
Q

Dense connective tissue
 Separates group of 10-100 muscle fibers into
FASCICLES

A

perimysium

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19
Q

Inner most layer of connective tissue
 Reticular fiber
 Encircles individual muscle fiber

A

endomysium

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20
Q

how many artery, veins and nerve is the skeletal muscle usually composed of?

A

1 artery, 1 or 2 veins,

and 1 nerve

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21
Q

Neurons that stimulate skeletal muscle

contraction

A

 Somatic motor neurons

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22
Q

do muscular tissue contain capillaries?

A

yes

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23
Q

 Plasma membrane of a muscle cell

A

SARCOLEMMA

24
Q

Extensions of the plasma membrane that
penetrate to the center of each muscle fiber
 Ensures that action potential excites all parts of
the muscle fiber.

A

TRANSVERSE TUBULES

25
Q

 The cytoplasm of muscle fiber

A

sarcoplasm

26
Q

provides oxygen to muscle fiber

A

myoglobin

27
Q

what is needed for ATP synthesis in a muscle fiber?

A

glycogen

28
Q

this organelle produces ATP

A

mitochondria

29
Q

The contractile organelles of skeletal muscle

 Makes the muscle fiber appear striated

A

myofibrils

30
Q

Encircles each myofibril

A

SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM

31
Q

Dilated end sacs of sarcoplasmic reticulum

A

TERMINAL CISTERNS

32
Q

Basic contractile unit of muscle fiber or basic

functional unit of myofibril

A

SARCOMERE

33
Q

what myofilaments are present in sacromere?

A

actin and myosin

34
Q

Thin Filaments: Actin

Thick Filaments: _____

A

Myosin

35
Q

 Separates one sarcomere from the next

A

z-disc

36
Q

Darker, middle part of sarcomere
 Extends the entire length of thick filament
 Has zone of overlap

A

a band

37
Q

Lighter, less dense area
 Contains only thin filaments
 Z-disc passes through its cente

A

I BAND

38
Q

Lies in the center of A band

 Consist only of thick filaments

A

H-ZONE

39
Q

Located at the middle of the sarcomere

 Holds the thick filaments at the center

A

M LINE

40
Q

Group of inherited muscle-destroying diseases
that cause progressive degeneration of skeletal
muscle fibers

A

MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY

41
Q

Region where communication occurs

between neurons and target cell

A

Synapse

42
Q

Gap that separates the two cells

A

 Synaptic cleft

43
Q

The end of a motor neuron

A

Axon terminal

44
Q

It is the synapse between a somatic motor
neuron and a skeletal muscle fiber where
muscle action potentials arise

A

NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION

45
Q

Muscular part of the NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION

A

 MOTOR END PLATE

46
Q

delivers the action potential to terminal cisterns

A

transcerse tubules

47
Q

 recognizes the action potential and delivers

calcium to the sarcoplasm

A

TERMINAL CISTERNS

48
Q

Produced during muscle relaxation where ATP

production exceeds ATP consumption

A

CREATINE PHOSPHATE

49
Q

Catalyzes transfer of phosphate group from
ATP to creatine, forming creatine phosphate
and ADP

A

CREATINE kinase

50
Q

The entire process by which the breakdown of
glucose gives rise to lactic acid when oxygen is
absent or at low concentrations

A

ANAEROBIC GLYCOLYSIS

51
Q

Series of oxygen-requiring reactions (Krebs
cycle and electron transport chain) that
produces ATP, CO2, water, and heat

A

AEROBIC GLYCOLYSIS

52
Q

Responsible for muscle soreness

A

Lactic acid build-up

53
Q

The inability of a muscle to maintain force of

contraction after prolonged activity

A

MUSCLE FATIGUE

54
Q

Feeling of tiredness and desire to cease
the activity
Occurs before muscle fatigue
 Caused by changes in the CNS

A

Central Fatigue

55
Q

Refers to added oxygen, over and above
the resting oxygen consumption, taken by
the body after exercise

A

OXYGEN DEBT

56
Q

A small amount of tautness or tension in the
muscle due to weak, involuntary contractions of
motor units.

A

muscle tone

Anatomy and Physiology Lecture (7 decks)

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