Muscular System Part 2 Flashcards by Stacey Sophia Velez

the attachment of
muscle tendon to a
stationary bone

origin

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attachment of muscle
tendon to a movable
bone

insertion

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a rigid structure that moves around a fixed point

fulcrum

lever (fulcrum)

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causes movement

effort

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opposes movement

Load (resistance)

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when does Motion occurs

when effort exceeds the load

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acts as lever during movement

bone

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acts as fulcrum during movement

joints

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acts as effort during movement

muscle contraction

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acts as load during movement

Weight of body part moved or resistance of

body part

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the load is closer to the fulcrum and the effort

farther from the fulcrum

mechanical advantage

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The load is father from the fulcrum and the

effort is closer to the fulcrum

mechanical disadvantage

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The fulcrum is between the effort and the load

first class lever (f)

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The load is between the fulcrum and the effort

second class lever (l)

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The effort is between the fulcrum and the load

third class lever (e)

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most common lever in the body

third class lever (e)

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uncommon lever in the body

second class lever (l)

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Affects muscle’s power and range of motion

fascicle arrangement

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The longer the muscle fibers, the

greater the range of motion

parallel muscles

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The greater the total cross-sectional
area of a muscle, the greater power it
produce

pennate muscles

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Fascicles parallel to
longitudinal axis of
muscles

parallel

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Fascicles nearly parallel
to longitudinal axis of
muscles

fusiform

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Fascicles in concentric 
circular arrangements form 
sphincter muscles that 
enclose an orifice 
(opening).

circular

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Fascicles spread over
broad area converge at
thick central tendon

triangular

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Fascicles arranged on only one side of the tendon

unipennate

Fascicles arranged on both sides of centrally positioned tendons

bipennate

Fascicles attach obliquely from many directions to several tendons

multipennate

Contracts to cause the action

prime mover (agonist)

Stretches and yields to the effect of prime | mover (relaxes)

antagonist

Usually needed when a prime mover crosses other joints before it reaches the primary joint where action is produced

synergist

Stabilizes the origin of the of the prime mover

fixator

``` A group of skeletal muscles with their associated vessels (artery and vein), and nerves, all of which have common function ```

compartment

where does the muscles of facial expression lie?

Lies within the subcutaneous layer

what muscles is responsible for Look of surprise

Occipitofrontalis

what muscles is responsible for Closes lips (kissing)

Orbicularis oris

``` Draws angle of mouth superiorly and laterally (smiling ```

Zygomaticus major

Elevates upper lip, exposing upper | tee

Zygomaticus minor

Raises upper lip

Levator labii superioris

Depresses lower lip

Depressor labii inferioris

Presses cheeks against teeth and | lips (whistling, blowing, sucking

Buccinator

Closes eye (wink)

Orbicularis oculi

``` Draws eyebrows inferiorly, wrinkles the forehead (frowning) ```

Corrugator supercilii

Draws the angle of the mouth | laterally (Grimace)

risorius

Unilateral paralysis of the muscles of facial expression

BELL’S PALSY

Are muscles that move the eyeball

EXTRINSIC EYE MUSCLES

A condition where two eyeballs are not properly | aligned

STRABISMUS

The eyes are in LATERAL position at rest

External strabismus (EXOTROPIA)

The eyes are in MEDIAL position at rest

Internal strabismus (ESOTROPIA)

- moves the | mandible from side to side

Pterygoid

what divides the muscles in the tongue into lateral halves?

median fibrous | septum

Originates outside the tongue and | inserts to the tongue

EXTRINSIC TONGUE MUSCLES

Originate and insert within the tongue

INTRINSIC TONGUE MUSCLES

what helps by inserting the tube through | the laryngopharynx to the trache

intubation

Elevates the hyoid bone, floor of the oral | cavity and tongue during deglutition

SUPRAHYOID MUSCLES

Depress the hyoid bone and move the | larynx during swallowing and speech

INFRAHYOID MUSCLES

An oblique passage through the lower part | of the anterior abdominal wall

INGUINAL CANAL

external oblique aponeurosis and origin of internal oblique

Anterior wall

conjoint tendon (medially) and transversalis fascia (laterally)

Posterior wall

lowest fibers of internal oblique and transversus abdominis

Superior wall (roof)

lower edge of | inguinal ligament and lacunar ligament

Inferior wall (floor)

protrusion of an organ through a | structure that normally contains it

HERNIA

thoracic cavity increases in size

inhalation

thoracic cavity decreases in size

exhalation

Main muscle of respiration

diaphragm

Allows passage of aorta, thoracic | duct, and azygos vein

aortic hiatus

Largest and most important muscle of | the pelvic floor

levator ani

The region of the trunk inferior to the pelvic | diaphragm

perineum

Happens during CHILDBIRTH that induces URINARY STRESS | INCONTINENCE

iNJURY TO LEVATOR ANI

connects your upper limbs to the bones | along the axis of your body

PECTORAL GIRDLE

Stabilizes the scapula so that it can function as a steady origin for most of the muscles that move the humerus

PECTORAL GIRDLE

Are tendons of certain muscles that circle | around the shoulder joint

ROTATOR CUFF

Strain or tear in the rotator cuff muscles

rotator cuff injury

skeletal muscles with their associated blood vessels and nerves grouped together by a fascia

compartments

Functions to provide support and locomotion

INTRINSIC MUSCLES OF THE FOOT

● Biceps femoris ● Semitendinosus ●Semimembranosus These are collectively called?

HAMSTRING

the great extensor leg

Quadriceps | femoris

Stabilizes vertebral column and provides | proprioceptive feedback

SEGMENTAL MUSCLE GROUP

extends the | vertebral column and rotate the head

Semispinalis muscles

Produces weak but intricate and precise | movement of the hand

INTRINSIC MUSCLES OF THE HAND

lateral aspect of the palm

thenar

(medial aspect of the palm)

hypothenar

midpalmar

intermediate

Structures under the carpal tunnel (esp. Median | nerve) are vulnerable to compression

CARPAL TUNNEL | SYNDROME

Extends the head and laterally flex and | rotate the head

SPLENIUS MUSCLES

Largest muscle of the back

erector spinae

Flex, laterally flex, and rotate the head and Assist in deep inhalation

scalenes