Muscular System Flashcards
(99 cards)
1
Q
3 basic muscle types
A
Skeletal, Cardiac, & Smooth
2
Q
Contraction and shortening of muscles are due to the?
A
movement of microfilaments
Actin and myosin
3
Q
When muscle contracts,
A
z-line is closer together
4
Q
myo- and mys-
A
muscle
5
Q
3 connective tissues that is a supportive sheaths to the muscle
A
Endomysium, Perimysium, Epimysium
6
Q
sarco-
A
flesh
7
Q
responsible for all types of body movement
A
Muscles
8
Q
wraps around a fascicle (bundle) of muscle fibers
surrounded by fascicle (muscle fibers)
A
Perimysium
9
Q
No striations; Involuntary
Contractions are slow and sustained
A
Smooth Muscle
10
Q
How many muscles in the body?
A
640
11
Q
encloses a single muscle fiber
inner most layer
A
Endomysium
12
Q
Smooth Muscle
A
No striations; Involuntary
uninucleate
13
Q
covers the entire skeletal muscle; made from dense connective tissue
A
Epimysium
14
Q
Cardiac Muscle
A
Striations; Involuntary
uninucleate
15
Q
Striations; Involuntary
Contracts at a steady rate set by pacemaker
A
Cardiac Muscle
16
Q
striated; voluntary
multinucleate
A
Skeletal Muscle
17
Q
on the outside of the epimysium
A
Fascia
18
Q
surrounded by connective tissues
A
Skeletal Muscle
19
Q
when myofibrils divide it becomes
A
sarcomere
20
Q
thick filament
A
myosin
21
Q
sarcomere will divide into
A
microfilaments (actin and myosin)
22
Q
thin filament
A
actin
23
Q
Muscle protein that blocked actin and myosin
A
tropomyosin and troponin
24
Q
sarcomere is separated by a line
A
Z-line
25
During contraction, the 2 ends of a sarcomere come closer and the thin filaments slide past the thick ones so actin and myosin overlap more.
Sliding Filament Model
26
Muscle cells version of an endoplasmic reticulum
| Its walls are loaded with calcium pumps which use ATP to save up a bunch of calcium ions
Sarcoplasmic Reticulum
27
guards can be bought off with
ATP and calcium
28
ATP is converted into motion. What kind of motion?
mechanical energy
29
contains chemical energy
| produce by mitochondria
ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)
30
____ sends an ____ along the motor neuron until it
____ with a muscle cell in arm
What can you find in your muscle cells that will receive the signals _____
This channels open up, action potential will go to _____ which contain t-tubules it will triggered the voltage-sensitive protein that are linked to calcium channels. In ______ it will allowed stored calcium to go to rest of _____ then it will activate ____ then it will bind with _____, since it binds, _____ will be pull way then _______
Brain / action potential / synapses / receptors/sodium channels / sarcolemma.
Calcium channels / muscle cell / myosin / troponin / tropomyosin / myosin with bind with actin
31
For relaxation/unbinding
___ will become ___and then ___ will go back to its original place
ATP / ADP / phosphate
| troponin and tropomyosin
32
light band
| Contains only thin filaments
I band
33
long organelles inside muscle cell
Myofibrils
34
Structural and functional unit of skeletal muscle
| contractile unit of a muscle fiber
Sarcomere
35
specialized plasma membrane
Sarcolemma
36
dark band
| Contains thick filaments
A band
37
ability to receive and respond to a stimulus
Irritability
38
ability to forcibly shorten when an adequate stimulus is received
Contractility
39
ability of muscle cells to be stretched
Extensibility
40
ability to recoil and resume resting length after stretching
Elasticity
41
sartorius in your upper thigh
Longest
42
gluteus maximus in your butt
Tiniest
43
stapedius in your middle ear
Biggest
44
Longest muscle
sartorius
45
Tiniest muscle
gluteus
46
Biggest muscle
stapedius
47
Muscles never ___. They always ___.
push/pull
48
That movement is always a pull with the ___ bone being drawn toward the ___ bone
insertion / origin
49
muscle brings the insertion closer to the bone that doesn’t move or at least moves less
Origin
50
when a muscle contracts, the bone that moves
Insertion point
51
Whatever one muscle does, another muscle can ___.
undo
52
producing a movement
Prime movers or agonists
53
moves it away from the body
Abduction
54
brings a limb toward the body; place back from the side
Adduction
55
Antagonist – deltoids
| Primer movers – pecs and lats
Adduction
56
Antagonist – pecs and lats
| Prime mover – deltoids
Abduction
57
staying relaxed, or stretching, or contracting
| keep prime movers from over-extending
Antagonists
58
Helps the prime movers and stabilizing joints
| infraspinatus and teres minor
Synergists
59
If synergist immobilizes the muscles’ origin bone so that the prime mover can be more effective, then the synergist muscle
Fixators
60
group of muscle fibers that all get their signals from the same, single motor neuron
Motor unit
61
Number of muscle fiber in a neuron
| What is bigger than the other
Innervation
62
When a motor unit responds to a single action potential, those fibers quickly contract and release
Twitch
63
3 distinct phases of twitch
Latent Period, Period of Contraction, Relaxation Period
64
The stimulus has arrived, but no force is being produced.
| Start of the action
Latent Period
65
When the myosin and actin is binding
| Muscle fibers contract
Period of Contraction
66
Calcium goes back into sarcoplasmic reticulum
actin and myosin stop the binding cycle
muscle relaxes
Relaxation Period
67
all those twitches blend together until they feel like one gigantic contraction; nasa taas lang
Tetanus
68
twitches end up adding to each other as they get closer together in time; pababa
Temporal summation
69
Generally affected by both the frequency and strength with which they’re stimulated
Graded muscle responses
70
Muscle force is a product of how many ____ in each sarcomere
many myosin are bound to actin
71
More ___ = more available binding sites
calcium
72
More frequent ___ means ever more calcium
activation
73
numbness
Paresthesia
74
Change in length
Isotonic movement
75
no change in length
Isometric contractions
76
site of axon terminal of the motor neuron and sarcolemma of a muscle
Neuromuscular junction
77
Chemical released by nerve upon arrival of nerve impulse in the axon terminal
Neurotransmitter
78
Myofilaments are able to slide past each other during contractions
Isotonic movement
79
Muscle filaments are trying to slide, but the muscle is pitted against an immovable object
Isometric contractions
80
the neurotransmitter that stimulates skeletal muscle
Acetylcholine (ACh)
81
Gap between nerve and muscle filled with interstitial fluid
Synaptic cleft
82
When stimulations become more frequent, muscle contractions get ___ and ___
stronger and smoother
83
Only energy source that can be used to directly power muscle contraction
Stored in muscle fibers in small amounts that are quickly used up
ATP
84
N
N
85
Decreases the angle of the joint
| Brings two bones closer together
Flexion
86
increases muscle size and strength
Resistance exercise
87
Increases angle between two bones
| Straightening the elbow or knee
Extension
88
results in stronger, more flexible muscles with greater resistance to fatigue
Aerobic exercise
89
Movement of a bone around its longitudinal axis
Rotation
90
Combination of flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction
Circumduction
91
Movement of a limb away from the midline
Abduction
92
Movement of a limb toward the midline
Adduction
93
Turning sole of foot laterally
Eversion
94
Forearm rotates laterally so palm faces anteriorly
| Radius and ulna are parallel
Supination
95
Forearm rotates medially so palm faces posteriorly
| Radius and ulna cross each other like an X
Pronation
96
Moving the thumb to touch the tips of other fingers on the same hand
Opposition
97
Lifting the foot so that the superior surface approaches the shin (toward the dorsum)
Dorsiflexion
98
Pointing the toes away from the head
Plantar flexion
99
Turning sole of foot medially
Inversion
