Tissues (Epithelial & Connective) Flashcards
(114 cards)
1
Q
• Groups of cells with similar structure and function
A
Tissues
2
Q
– study of tissues
A
Histology
3
Q
Four primary types of Tissues
E, C, M, N
A
- Epithelial tissue (epithelium)
- Connective tissue
- Muscle tissue
- Nervous tissue
4
Q
How many layers is Simple
A
One layer
5
Q
How many layers is Stratified
A
2 or more layer
6
Q
3 shapes in simple and stratified layer:
S, C, C
A
Squamous, Cuboidal, Columnar
7
Q
Pseudostratified
A
Modify simple
8
Q
Transitional
A
Modify stratified
9
Q
shape in Pseudostratified
A
Columnar
10
Q
shape in Transitional
A
Cuboidal to Columnar
11
Q
3 types of Simple epithelium
A
Simple squamous epithelium
Simple cuboidal
Simple columnar
12
Q
4 types of Stratified epithelium
A
Stratified squamous epithelium
Stratified cuboidal
Stratified columnar
Stratified cuboidal & columnar
13
Q
type of Transitional epithelium
A
Modified stratified squamous epithelium
14
Q
Cover and line body surfaces
Covers external body surface
A
epithelial tissues
15
Q
Often form sheets with one free surface, the apical surface, and an anchored surface, the basement membrane
A
epithelial tissues
16
Q
Locations of Epithelial Tissue
BC, BL, GT
A
- Body coverings
- Body linings
- Glandular tissue
17
Q
Functions of Epithelial Tissue
P, A, F, S
A
- Protection
- Absorption
- Filtration
- Secretion
18
Q
Avascular means
A
no blood supply
19
Q
Involved in the beginning formation of the gametes
A
epithelial tissues
20
Q
Regenerate easily if well nourished
A
epithelial tissues
21
Q
refers to a wet to dry dressing can help with re-epithelialization of the wound
can be treatable
A
Bed sore
22
Q
GLANDS composes 3 secreting parts:
E, E, D
A
Endocrine
Exocrine
Ducts
23
Q
Duct
A
Exocrine
24
Q
Produces hormones; ductless
A
Endocrine
25
carrying the secretion of a gland or oil
Ducts
26
flattened, like fish scales
Squamous
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cube-shaped, like dice
Cuboidal
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shaped like columns
Columnar
29
In simple epithelial tissues, it is a diffusion and filtration and also secretion in serous membranes
Squamous
30
In simple epithelial tissues, it is a secretion and absorption; ciliated types proper mucus or reproductive cells
Cuboidal and Columnar
31
In simple epithelial tissues, no simple transitional epithelium exists
Transitional
32
In stratified epithelial tissues, it is a protection
Squamous
33
In stratified epithelial tissues, it is a protection ; rare in humans
Cuboidal & Columnar
34
In stratified epithelial tissues, it is a protection; stretching to accommodate distension of urinary structures
Transitional
35
* Functions in absorption, secretion, and filtration
* Very thin
* Not suited for protection
Simple epithelia
36
Single layer of flat cells
Functions in diffusion, filtration, or secretion in membranes
Simple squamous epithelium
37
Single layer of cubelike cells
Functions in secretion and absorption; ciliated types propel mucus or reproductive cells
Simple cuboidal epithelium
38
hair-like projection that is helpful in mobilizing mucus
Ciliated
39
Single layer of tall cells
Functions in secretion and absorption; ciliated types propel mucus or reproductive cells
Simple columnar epithelium
40
G__ cells secrete mucus
Goblet
41
Modification of simple epithelium
Single layer, but some cells are shorter than others giving a false (pseudo) impression of stratification
All cells rest on a basement membrane
Functions in absorption or secretion
Pseudostratified columnar epithelium
42
* Consist of two or more cell layers
| * Function primarily in protection
Stratified epithelia
43
Most common stratified epithelium
Named for cells present at the free (apical) surface, which are squamous
Functions as a protective covering where friction is common
Stratified squamous epithelium
44
change
primarily in the skin
composed of numerous layers of dead squamous cells
primarily in the skin
Keratinized
45
not marked by the formation to keratin
moist
mouth, throat, larynx, esophagus, anus, vagina, inferior urethra, cornea
Nonkeratinized
46
two layers of cuboidal cells
functions in protection
Stratified cuboidal epithelium
47
surface cells are columnar, and cells underneath vary in size and shape
functions in protection
Stratified columnar epithelium
48
Rare in human body
Found mainly in ducts of large glands
Stratified cuboidal and columnar
49
Composed of modified stratified squamous epithelium
Shape of cells depends upon the amount of stretching
Functions in stretching and the ability to return to normal shape
Transitional epithelium
50
One or more cells responsible for secreting a particular product
Secretions contain protein molecules in an aqueous (water-based) fluid
Glandular epithelia
51
contain protein molecules in an aqueous (water-based) fluid
is an active process
Secretions
52
Ability to stretch and return to normal place
Transitional epithelium
53
2 major gland types develop from epithelial sheets (E, E)
Endocrine glands
| Exocrine glands
54
Ductless
secretions (hormones) diffuse into blood vessels
Endocrine glands
55
type of glands include thyroid, adrenals, and pituitary
Endocrine glands
56
type of glands that is Hormones / Ductless
Endocrine glands
57
Secretions empty through ducts to the epithelial surface
Exocrine glands
58
type of glands include sweat and oil glands, liver, and pancreas (both internal and external)
Exocrine glands
59
type of glands that is Duct
Exocrine glands
60
in Exocrine glands, two ducts of Multicellular glands
| S & C
Simple glands
| Compound glands
61
single not branched duct
Simple glands
62
multiple branched ducts
Compound glands
63
in Exocrine glands, Simple glands & Compound glands are defined by the shape of the secretory regions
(T & A/A)
Tubular
| Acinar or alveolar
64
the cell called in Unicellular glands
Goblet cells
65
in Exocrine glands, the 3 types of secretion are:
| M, A, H
Merocrine
Apocrine
Holocrine
66
Sweat glands and pancreas
Merocrine
67
Mammary glands
Apocrine
68
Sebaceous (oil) glands
Holocrine
69
Found everywhere in the body to connect body parts
Connective Tissue
70
Includes the most abundant and widely distributed tissues
Connective Tissue
71
Connective Tissue Functions
| P, S, B
Protection
Support
Binding
72
2 Characteristics of connective tissue
| Vbs, ECM
Extracellular matrix Extracellular matrix
73
Some tissue types are well vascularized
Some have a poor blood supply or are avascular
Extracellular matrix
74
Nonliving material that surrounds living cells
Extracellular matrix
75
2 main elements of the extracellular matrix
Ground substance
| Fibers
76
in one of the elements of the extracellular matrix which is mostly water, along with adhesion proteins and polysaccharide molecules (GS)
Ground substance
77
3 main types of fibers:
| C, E, R
Collagen fibers
Elastic fibers
Reticular fibers
78
white fibers
Collagen fibers
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yellow fibers
Elastic fibers
80
one type of fiber which is also a type of collagen
Reticular fibers
81
2 types of Embryonic Connective Tissue
a. Mesenchyme
| b. Mucous connective tissue (Wharton’s Jelly)
82
Mucous connective tissue is also called ?
| WJ
Wharton’s Jelly
83
provide cushion, protection, and structural support to umbilical vessels by preventing their compression, torsion, and bending
Wharton's jelly
84
Types of adult connective tissue
(from most rigid to most fluid)
(B, C, D, L, B,)
```
Bone
Cartilage
Dense connective tissue
Loose connective tissue
Blood
```
85
Bone is also called?
osseous tissue
86
Bone is composed of
Osteocytes
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Bone is composed of osteocytes sitting in ___
lacunae
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lacunae is a
cavities
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Osteocytes is a
bone cells
90
Functions to protect and support the body
Bone
91
Less hard and more flexible than bone
Found in only a few places in the body
Cartilage
92
a cartilage cell which is the major cell type
Chondrocyte
93
3 Types of Cartilage
| H, F, E
* Hyaline cartilage
* Fibrocartilage
* Elastic cartilage
94
Most widespread type of cartilage
Abundant collagen fibers hidden by a glassy, rubbery matrix
Hyaline cartilage
95
Provides elasticity
Location: supports the external ear
Elastic cartilage
96
Highly compressible
Location: forms cushion like discs between vertebrae of the spinal column
Fibrocartilage
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Dense fibrous tissue
Main matrix element is collagen fiber
Dense connective tissue
98
are cells that make fibers
Fibroblasts
99
3 Locations Dense connective tissue
| T, L, D
Tendons
Ligaments
Dermis
100
attach skeletal muscle to bone
Tendons
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attach bone to bone at joints
are more elastic than tendons
Ligaments
102
lower layers of the skin
Dermis
103
Softer, have more cells and fewer fibers than other connective tissues
(except blood)
Loose connective tissue
104
3 types Loose connective tissue
Areolar
Adipose
Reticular
105
Most widely distributed connective tissue
Soft, pliable tissue like “cobwebs”
Functions as a universal packing tissue and “glue” to hold organs in place
Areolar connective tissue
106
one of the types of Loose connective tissue all fiber types form a loose network
Can soak up excess fluid (causes edema)
Areolar connective tissue
107
Layer of areolar tissue underlies all membranes
lamina propria
108
An areolar tissue in which adipose (fat) cells dominate
Functions
•Insulates the body
•Protects some organs
•Serves as a site of fuel storage
Adipose connective tissue
109
Delicate network of interwoven fibers with reticular cells (like fibroblasts)
Reticular connective tissue
110
Reticular connective tissue forms (internal framework) of organs
(S)
stroma
111
Reticular connective tissue is located at
| Ln, S, Bm
* Lymph nodes
* Spleen
* Bone marrow
112
vascular tissue
Soluble fibers are visible only during clotting
Blood
113
Blood cells surrounded by fluid matrix known as
blood plasma
114
Blood functions as the transport vehicle for the cardiovascular system, carrying:
(N, W, Rg)
o Nutrients
o Wastes
o Respiratory gases
