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Practical Nursing > Muscular System > Flashcards

Muscular System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the classifications of muscles?

A

Cardiac, skeletal, smooth

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2
Q

Skeletal

A

Voluntary, stratified
Located in overlying skeleton
Multinucleated

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3
Q

Smooth

A

Involuntary, nonstratifed
Located in the organs or visecra
One nucleus

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4
Q

Cardial

A

Involuntary, stratified
Located in the heart, myocardium
One nucleus

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5
Q

Name of the muscle cell

A

Myocyte, muscular fiber

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6
Q

Every muscle is covered by a layer of?

A

Connective tissue/ fascia

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7
Q

Fascia has three layers

A

Epimysium (most external), perimysium (middle), endomysium (most internal)

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8
Q

Parts of muscular fiber

A

Sarcoplasmic reticulum (has calcium inside), Sarcolemma (plasmatic membrane), T-tubule

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9
Q

What is a fascicile?

A

bundle of muscle fibers, also called myocytes, bound together via the endomysium tissue that provides pathways for the passage of blood vessels and nerves.

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10
Q

What is inside the myofibril?

A

Myosin and actin (make contraction)

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11
Q

What is the main function of skeletal muscle?

A

Contraction

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12
Q

Thin filaments

A

Actin

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13
Q

Thick filament

A

Myosin

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14
Q

When thick and thin filaments come together it is

A

contracted

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15
Q

What does the actin and myosin need?

A

Calcium

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16
Q

What is the sliding mchanism of the filament?

A

1) Myosin heads make contact with actin
2)Myosin heads rotate
3)Actin is pulled to the center of the
sarcomere

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17
Q

What is the sliding mchanism of the filament?

A

1) Myosin heads make contact with actin
2) Myosin heads rotate
3) Actin is pulled to the center of the
sarcomere
4) Sarcomere shortensmuscle
contraction

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18
Q

When a patient has a lumbar injury

A

the neuron can’t stimulate the muscle

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19
Q

Where is the calcium stored?

A

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

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20
Q

Calcium allows

A

the interaction of actin, myosin, ATP

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21
Q

Muscles relax when

A

Calcium returns to SR

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22
Q

Skeletal muscle contraction only takes
place

A

when it is first stimulated by a
nerve

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23
Q

Where does somatic motor nerve emerge from?

A

Spinal chord –> skeletal muscle

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24
Q

Single muscle vs whole muscle

A

single muscle has an “all or nothing” response, but
a whole muscle can vary its force of contraction
-motor unit, recruitment

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25
Q

Innervation

A

Nerves that supplies a muscle for contraction

26
Q

What is neurmuscular junction?

A

The joining between neurocyte and myocyte

27
Q

Three different types of neurons?

A

Sensory, motor, interneuron

28
Q

Twitch

A

Single muscle response in which
muscle contracts and then fully relaxes

29
Q

Tetanus

A

Sustained muscle contraction
caused by repeated stimulation

30
Q

Tonus

A

Normal, continuous state of
partial muscle contraction
Fights against gravity force, lets you be erect

31
Q

What are the energy sources for muscle contraction?

A

Metabolism of creatinine, glycolisis (anaerobic metabolsim), aerobic metabolism

32
Q

Muscle terms

A

Origin, insertion, prime mover, synergist, antagonist

33
Q

Product of anaerobic metabolism

A

2 ATP, lactic acid

34
Q

Origin

A

Stationary attachment

35
Q

Insertion

A

Mobile attachment

36
Q

Synergy

A

coordinated movements that occur when multiple muscle groups are activated simultaneously
-Ex: the biceps brachii and brachialis muscles both act to flex the forearm.

37
Q

Antagonist

A

The muscle that opposes the action of another
Ex: When the triceps oppose the contraction of the flexing biceps by relaxing

38
Q

Prime mover

A

Principal muscle that performs action

39
Q

Hypertrophy

A

Growth in response to overuse

40
Q

Atrophy

A

Disuse atrophy (cast) , denervation atrophy (no stimulation of nervous system/paralysis), senile atrophy (older)

41
Q

Innvervention and irrigation

A

Nerves in muscle, blood in muscle

42
Q

How skeletal muscles are named?

A

Size, shape, direction, location, number of origins, origin and insertion, muscle action

43
Q

What is the somatic motor neuron?

A

Supplies skeletal muscle and emerges from the spinal cord and to skeletal muscles, contractions only take place when stimulated by a nerve

44
Q

Contracture

A

abnormal fibrous formation in muscle that freezes in flexed position

45
Q

What is meant by motor unit recruitment?

A

the process by which different motor units are activated to produce a given level and type of muscle contraction.

46
Q

Each fibre within a motor unit contracts according to _____

A

The all or none law
When a motor unit receives a stimulus of sufficient intensity to bring forth a response, all the muscle fibres within the unit will contract at the same time, and to the maximum possible extent.

47
Q

What is the neuromuscular junction?

A

-Space between motor neuron and muscle
-Where nerves and muscle fibers meet—is an essential synapse for muscle contraction and movement

48
Q

Steps of Information Transfer from Neuron to NMJ

A

-Neuron stimulation causes an electrical
impulse to move toward the neuron’s
end
-Vesicles move toward and fuse with the
membrane
-ACh diffuses and binds to muscle
membrane receptor sites
-ACh stimulates receptors, causing an
electrical impulse

49
Q

Things that can cause impairement of NMJ

A

Myasthenia gravis- neuromuscular disease that causes weakness in the skeletal muscles
Curare- muscle relaxent
Neurotoxins- bacteria that causes tetanus, botox, and botulism

50
Q

Tonic contraction

A

Sustained contraction of different groups of muscles, maintains continual muscular contraction

51
Q

Where is myoglobin found?

A

Striated muscles such as skeletal or heart muscles

52
Q

Main function of myoglobin

A

Supply oxygen to the cells in your muscles (myocytes).
-Remember by hemoglobin that provides oxygen for organs and tissues

53
Q

Isometric contraction

A

Muscle contraction without motion

54
Q

Isotonic contraction

A

Muscular contraction in which length of muscle changes

55
Q

What is a sphincter?

A

A ring of muscle surrounding and serving guard to an opening or closing tube

56
Q

Provide examples of a sphincter

A

Anus, opening of stomach, urinary bladder

57
Q

What happens when urinary sphincters contract?

A

When these muscles contract, the urethra narrows, and urination stops or slows

58
Q

Muscle cells or myocytes are also called

A

muscular fibers

59
Q

What are the z lines?

A

Part of the sarcomere and where thin filaments attach

60
Q

What happens when the sarcomere shortens?

A

Muscle contraction, the thick and thin filaments slide up against eachother

61
Q

Myofibrils form

A

muscle fibers

Practical Nursing (8 decks)

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